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發布時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣(qi):133951 來(lai)源:
填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)改集式密封(feng)是(shi)指通過預緊或介質(zhi)壓力的(de)(de)自緊作(zuo)用使填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)與轉動件及固(gu)定(ding)件之間(jian)產生(sheng)壓緊力的(de)(de)動密封(feng)裝置。又(you)稱“填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)函密封(feng)”。結(jie)構形式較多(duo),主(zhu)要由填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱和填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件組成(cheng)。常用的(de)(de)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)石(shi)棉(mian)織物、碳纖維、橡膠、柔性(xing)石(shi)墨和工程塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)等(deng),預制(zhi)成(cheng)環狀或條(tiao)狀(有(you)的(de)(de)需預先浸漬潤滑性(xing)好的(de)(de)填(tian)充(chong)物),并采(cai)用多(duo)環或螺旋狀多(duo)層結(jie)構。填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱用以安(an)置填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件包(bao)括壓蓋、螺栓和彈簧等(deng),用以使填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)預緊,工作(zuo)時(shi)阻止介質(zhi)外(wai)漏,彈簧可起補償(chang)作(zuo)用。
填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)裝入填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)腔以后,經壓(ya)蓋螺絲對它作軸(zhou)向(xiang)壓(ya)縮(suo),當軸(zhou)與(yu)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)有相(xiang)對運動時,由于填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)塑性,使它產生徑(jing)向(xiang)力(li),并與(yu)軸(zhou)緊密接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)。與(yu)此同時,填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)中浸漬的(de)潤滑(hua)劑(ji)被擠出(chu),在(zai)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)面之(zhi)間(jian)形(xing)成油(you)膜。由于接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)狀態并不(bu)是特別均(jun)勻的(de),接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部位便出(chu)現“邊界潤滑(hua)”狀態,稱(cheng)為“軸(zhou)承效應”;而未接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)凹部形(xing)成小油(you)槽(cao),有較(jiao)厚(hou)的(de)油(you)膜,接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部位與(yu)非接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部位組成一道(dao)不(bu)規(gui)則的(de)迷(mi)宮(gong)(gong),起阻止液流(liu)泄(xie)漏的(de)作用(yong),此稱(cheng)“迷(mi)宮(gong)(gong)效應”。這就是填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)密封的(de)機理(li)。顯然(ran),良好(hao)的(de)密封在(zai)于維持“軸(zhou)承效應”和(he)“迷(mi)宮(gong)(gong)效應”。也就是說,要(yao)保持良好(hao)的(de)潤滑(hua)和(he)適當的(de)壓(ya)緊。若潤滑(hua)不(bu)良,或壓(ya)得過(guo)緊都會使油(you)膜中斷,造成填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)與(yu)軸(zhou)之(zhi)間(jian)出(chu)現干摩擦,最后導致燒軸(zhou)和(he)出(chu)現嚴(yan)重(zhong)磨損。
為此,需要(yao)經常對填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)的壓緊(jin)程度進行調整,以(yi)便(bian)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)中的潤滑(hua)劑(ji)在(zai)運行一段時間流失之后,再(zai)擠(ji)出一些潤滑(hua)劑(ji),同(tong)時補償填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)因體積變(bian)化所(suo)(suo)造成的壓緊(jin)力松弛。顯然,這樣經常擠(ji)壓填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao),最(zui)終將(jiang)使浸漬劑(ji)枯竭(jie),所(suo)(suo)以(yi)定期更換(huan)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)是(shi)必要(yao)的。此外,為了維持液膜和帶走摩擦熱,有(you)意讓填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)處(chu)有(you)少量泄(xie)漏也是(shi)必要(yao)的。