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發布時間:2021-12-20 15:07:40 人氣:98946 來源:
墊圈是動環和靜環的總稱,是構成安陸機械密封主要的元件,很大程度上決定了安陸機械密封的(de)使(shi)(shi)用(yong)性能和壽(shou)命。使(shi)(shi)用(yong)閥門時(shi),往(wang)往(wang)根據具(ju)體情況(kuang)更換(huan)原帶墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。常用(yong)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)有:橡(xiang)膠(jiao)平(ping)(ping)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、橡(xiang)膠(jiao)O形圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、塑料平(ping)(ping)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、聚四氟(fu)乙(yi)烯包墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、石棉橡(xiang)膠(jiao)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、金屬平(ping)(ping)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、金屬異(yi)形墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、金屬皮墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、波形墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、纏繞墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)等。
(1)橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)平墊圈:變形容易,壓緊(jin)時不(bu)費力,但耐(nai)(nai)(nai)壓、耐(nai)(nai)(nai)溫(wen)(wen)能(neng)力都(dou)較(jiao)差(cha),只(zhi)用(yong)(yong)于壓力低、溫(wen)(wen)度不(bu)高的地方。天然橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)有一定(ding)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)酸(suan)堿性能(neng),使(shi)用(yong)(yong)溫(wen)(wen)度不(bu)宜(yi)超過60℃;氯丁橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)也能(neng)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)某些酸(suan)堿,使(shi)用(yong)(yong)溫(wen)(wen)度80℃;橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)油,可(ke)用(yong)(yong)至80℃;氟橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)耐(nai)(nai)(nai)腐(fu)蝕性能(neng)很好,耐(nai)(nai)(nai)溫(wen)(wen)性能(neng)也比一般橡(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)(jiao)強,可(ke)在150℃介質(zhi)中使(shi)用(yong)(yong)。
(2)橡膠O形(xing)墊圈:斷面形(xing)狀是正圓,有一(yi)定的(de)自緊作用,密封效果比平(ping)墊圈好,壓緊力更小(xiao)。
(3)塑料平墊圈:塑料的(de)特點是耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性好,大部分塑料耐(nai)溫(wen)性能(neng)不好。聚四氟乙烯為塑料,不但耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性能(neng)優異,而且耐(nai)溫(wen)范圍比較寬闊,可在-180℃~+200℃之內長期使(shi)用。
(4)聚(ju)四(si)(si)氟乙(yi)烯(xi)包墊(dian)圈(quan):為了充分發揮聚(ju)四(si)(si)氟乙(yi)烯(xi)的(de)優(you)點,同時彌補它彈性(xing)較(jiao)差的(de)缺點,做成聚(ju)四(si)(si)氟乙(yi)烯(xi)包裹橡膠或(huo)石(shi)棉橡膠的(de)墊(dian)圈(quan)。這樣,既同聚(ju)四(si)(si)氟乙(yi)烯(xi)平墊(dian)圈(quan)一樣耐(nai)腐蝕,又有良好的(de)彈性(xing),增強密(mi)封效果,減小(xiao)壓緊力。
(5)石(shi)棉(mian)橡(xiang)膠墊圈:由石(shi)棉(mian)橡(xiang)膠板剪成。它的(de)組分是60~80%的(de)石(shi)棉(mian)和10~20%的(de)橡(xiang)膠,以及填充劑(ji)、硫(liu)化劑(ji)等。它有(you)很(hen)(hen)好的(de)耐(nai)熱性、耐(nai)冷性、化學穩定性,而且貨源豐富(fu),價格便宜(yi)。使(shi)用時(shi),壓緊力不必(bi)很(hen)(hen)大。由于(yu)它能(neng)粘附金(jin)屬,所以表面涂一層石(shi)墨(mo)粉,以免拆卸時(shi)費勁。
安陸機械密封對墊圈有哪(na)些要求呢?
(1)需要有足(zu)夠的(de)強度和剛(gang)度,在工(gong)作條(tiao)件下(xia)(如壓力、溫度和滑動速度等(deng))不(bu)損壞,變形應盡量的(de)小,工(gong)作條(tiao)件波動時仍能保持密封性。
(2)密封端面應有足夠的(de)硬度(du)和耐腐蝕性(xing),以保(bao)證(zheng)工作條件下有滿意(yi)的(de)使用壽命。
(3)應有良好(hao)的(de)耐(nai)熱沖擊能力,為(wei)此要求(qiu)材(cai)料有較(jiao)高的(de)導熱系數(shu)和較(jiao)小(xiao)的(de)線膨脹(zhang)系數(shu),承(cheng)受熱沖擊時不至于開(kai)裂(lie)。
(5)應有(you)較小的摩擦系數(shu)和良好的自(zi)潤滑性,墊圈(quan)匹(pi)配應有(you)較小的摩擦系數(shu)和良好的自(zi)潤滑性,墊圈(quan)材料(liao)與密(mi)封流體(ti)還要有(you)很好的浸潤性。工作中如發生(sheng)短(duan)時間(jian)的干(gan)摩擦,不損傷密(mi)封端面。
(5)應(ying)力(li)求(qiu)簡單對稱(cheng)并(bing)優(you)先(xian)考慮用(yong)(yong)整體(ti)型結構,也可采用(yong)(yong)組合式(shi)(如鑲裝式(shi))墊圈,盡量(liang)避免用(yong)(yong)密封端面(mian)噴(pen)涂式(shi)結構。
(6)墊圈要(yao)(yao)容易加工制(zhi)造,安裝和(he)維(wei)修要(yao)(yao)方便(bian)。