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發(fa)布時(shi)間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:98623 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數阿圖什機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,阿圖什機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。阿圖什機械密封端(duan)面(mian)摩(mo)擦(ca)的(de)工況(kuang)一般分(fen)為:流(liu)體摩(mo)擦(ca)、混合摩(mo)擦(ca)和邊界摩(mo)擦(ca)三類,但不能長時間干摩(mo)擦(ca)。干摩(mo)擦(ca)狀態時,兩端(duan)面(mian)間的(de)固體表(biao)面(mian)微凸體將直接接觸而引起劇烈(lie)的(de)磨損(sun)。磨損(sun)時一方面(mian)會(hui)(hui)使摩(mo)擦(ca)表(biao)面(mian)物(wu)質喪失或遷移,導致表(biao)面(mian)損(sun)壞;另一方面(mian)會(hui)(hui)產(chan)生大量的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)熱直至燒毀密(mi)(mi)封(feng)。在無流(liu)體介質的(de)工況(kuang)下,如何減少磨損(sun)降低摩(mo)擦(ca)熱,那就要依靠干磨密(mi)(mi)封(feng)了。
干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的一種,常(chang)用(yong)材(cai)質(zhi)為(wei)耐磨碳精,結構(gou)包(bao)括環(huan)行密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體和(he)環(huan)行軸套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體內(nei)有(you)(you)環(huan)行槽(cao),槽(cao)內(nei)至少裝有(you)(you)二個截面為(wei)矩形的環(huan)行石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan),石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)的內(nei)徑(jing)與環(huan)行軸套(tao)之(zhi)(zhi)間有(you)(you)0.01-0.04的間隙,軸套(tao)外(wai)(wai)表面涂(tu)有(you)(you)耐磨涂(tu)層,涂(tu)層材(cai)料一般為(wei)三氧化二鋁(lv)或三氧化二鉻。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)時需(xu)要增加隔離氣,通常(chang)使用(yong)氮氣,氮氣耗(hao)量能(neng)控制在25-40。主(zhu)要應(ying)用(yong)于密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易(yi)燃有(you)(you)毒(du)介質(zhi),由于操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好,不需(xu)要復雜的潤滑(hua)冷(leng)卻系統,可以(yi)干運行,得(de)到廣泛(fan)的應(ying)用(yong)。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包(bao)括有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)及架設(she)于外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)上且(qie)可呈相對旋轉(zhuan)及貼合(he)的動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)及靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)與外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)固定連(lian)接,靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)及動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)上分開設(she)有(you)(you)供旋轉(zhuan)軸安裝的通孔,且(qie)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)與靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)貼合(he)的端面分別(bie)為(wei)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面及靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面,外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)上設(she)有(you)(you)促使動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)與靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合(he)的彈性(xing)抵壓件。除了要保(bao)持密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面平(ping)行之(zhi)(zhi)外(wai)(wai),主(zhu)要是摩擦副的材(cai)料問題。
摩擦材料應具備下列(lie)條件:
(1)機械強度(du)高(gao),能耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)和耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)力(li)變形(xing);
(2)具有(you)耐干磨(mo)性(xing),耐高載荷(he)性(xing),自潤滑性(xing)好(hao);
(3)配對(dui)(dui)材料的磨合性好,無過大的磨損和(he)對(dui)(dui)偶腐(fu)蝕;
(4)耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)性好,摩擦材料雖然是(shi)易損(sun)件,起到保護(hu)制(zhi)動(dong)或(huo)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)裝置的作用,但要求具有(you)一定的耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)性,使用壽(shou)命盡量(liang)要長,刮傷、腐蝕和粘附對偶(ou),都會造成制(zhi)動(dong)或(huo)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)的震動(dong)和不穩定;
(5)導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)性和散熱(re)(re)(re)性好(hao),導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)性是傳導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)量的能力大小,即包(bao)括吸熱(re)(re)(re),也包(bao)括散熱(re)(re)(re),所以,導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)性好(hao)的必然散熱(re)(re)(re)性也好(hao);
(6)抗熱(re)裂(lie)性好,根本解決(jue)抗熱(re)裂(lie)性問題可能需要改變(bian)封孔方法;
(7)耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)性強,一些(xie)有色金屬合(he)金能將良好的摩擦學特性與(yu)有些(xie)流體的耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)性結合(he);
(8)線膨(peng)脹(zhang)系(xi)數小(xiao),熱膨(peng)脹(zhang)會造成摩擦材(cai)料與摩擦對偶之間(jian)的間(jian)隙過小(xiao),發生拖(tuo)摩,損毀制動、傳(chuan)動裝置。