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白堿灘淺談機械密封系統的壓力控制與溫度控制

發布時間:2022-01-20 15:07:30 人氣(qi):154937 來源:

  白堿灘機械密封裝置主要有主密封和與其配套的輔助系統組成。主密封作用是密封工作介質,而輔助系統是為主密封提供良好的工作環境,以保證白堿灘機械密封可靠、穩定地運行,輔助系統是決定白堿灘機械密封能(neng)否可靠、穩定(ding)運行的必(bi)要條件。


  白堿灘機械密封輔助(zhu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)有壓(ya)力(li)控制、溫(wen)度控制、空氣和雜質(zhi)清(qing)除(chu)以及流體(ti)(ti)替(ti)代(阻(zu)塞)等系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。輔助(zhu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)選擇主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)取決于(yu)(yu)(yu)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)使用(yong)場合。例(li)如,主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)高(gao)溫(wen)液體(ti)(ti),輔助(zhu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)功能(neng)(neng)就是降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)環境溫(wen)度;主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)用(yong)于(yu)(yu)(yu)固體(ti)(ti)雜質(zhi)含量高(gao)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)介質(zhi),輔助(zhu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)就要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證在主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)前降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)固體(ti)(ti)雜質(zhi)含量,在腐(fu)(fu)蝕介質(zhi)中,輔助(zhu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)就要(yao)(yao)保(bao)(bao)證在主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)前降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)低(di)腐(fu)(fu)蝕速度或消(xiao)除(chu)腐(fu)(fu)蝕(即流體(ti)(ti)替(ti)代系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong));在高(gao)壓(ya)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)中,輔助(zhu)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)應(ying)保(bao)(bao)證具備降(jiang)(jiang)(jiang)壓(ya)功能(neng)(neng),即采用(yong)壓(ya)力(li)控制。采用(yong)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可以改善主(zhu)(zhu)(zhu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)條件,使整個設(she)備、系(xi)(xi)(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)減(jian)少泄漏,能(neng)(neng)保(bao)(bao)證密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)可靠(kao)性并(bing)延長其(qi)壽(shou)命(ming),為設(she)備和工(gong)藝(yi)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)安全(quan)、可靠(kao)地運行提供(gong)保(bao)(bao)證。


  1、白堿灘機械密封系統的壓力控制


  對于白堿灘機械密封來講,壓(ya)力、軸轉(zhuan)速、溫度這三者是密(mi)切相(xiang)關的,PV值大,勢必溫度升高。一(yi)(yi)般泵的轉(zhuan)速是固(gu)定的或(huo)在在一(yi)(yi)定范圍內,其壓(ya)力也(ye)是固(gu)定在一(yi)(yi)個范圍內,因此,控制密(mi)封的環境壓(ya)力是必須的。


  在工藝條(tiao)件允(yun)許的(de)情(qing)況下,采(cai)(cai)用(yong)平衡(heng)型(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)是減(jian)少密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)比壓的(de)最好辦法(fa)(fa)。在泵(beng)本身方(fang)面(mian),可以采(cai)(cai)用(yong)下列辦法(fa)(fa)來降低(di)軸封(feng)(feng)前(qian)的(de)壓力,從而減(jian)輕軸封(feng)(feng)載(zai)荷(he):葉(xie)輪(lun)開平衡(heng)孔;葉(xie)輪(lun)帶背葉(xie)片;加副葉(xie)輪(lun)等。未(wei)了(le)減(jian)輕軸封(feng)(feng)載(zai)荷(he),還(huan)可以在密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)前(qian)采(cai)(cai)用(yong)迷宮密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)、螺(luo)旋(xuan)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)、節流套密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)等以降低(di)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)前(qian)的(de)壓力。為了(le)良好地(di)分配(pei)壓力,還(huan)可以采(cai)(cai)用(yong)串聯式(shi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)。

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  2、白堿灘機械密封溫度控制系統


  這是白堿灘機械密封主要的系統。密封面的摩擦和機械攪拌會不斷產生熱量;泵送的高溫介質對密封的影響。這些熱量必須及時排除才能保證白堿灘機械密封可靠(kao)工(gong)作,因(yin)此,必須進行溫度控制。


  溫度控制不僅對密封有利(li),而且對其他部(bu)分也是必須(xu)的(de),這可(ke)以防(fang)止:


  a.摩擦副密封(feng)環熱變(bian)形(xing)和碳(tan)石墨浸漬(zi)劑熔化;


  b.密封面間液(ye)(ye)膜黏度變(bian)化(hua)和液(ye)(ye)膜汽化(hua);


  c.輔助密封(feng)元件失效,如(ru)橡膠(jiao)密封(feng)圈(quan)軟化(hua)、老化(hua)和分解(jie);


  d.加(jia)速腐蝕介質(zhi)對零件的腐蝕;


  e.有些介(jie)質(zhi)易發生聚合或(huo)分解等。


  白堿灘機械密封最常(chang)用的溫度控制方法(fa)是沖洗、冷卻(que)循環等。