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發布(bu)時(shi)間(jian):2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:98876 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數河北機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,河北機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。河北機械密封端面(mian)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)的(de)工況(kuang)一(yi)般分(fen)為:流(liu)體(ti)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)、混合摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)和邊界(jie)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)三(san)類(lei),但不能長時(shi)(shi)間干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)。干摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)狀態時(shi)(shi),兩(liang)端面(mian)間的(de)固(gu)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)微凸體(ti)將直接接觸而引起劇烈的(de)磨損。磨損時(shi)(shi)一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)會(hui)使摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)表(biao)面(mian)物質(zhi)喪失或遷(qian)移(yi),導致(zhi)表(biao)面(mian)損壞;另(ling)一(yi)方(fang)面(mian)會(hui)產生大量的(de)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱(re)直至燒毀密封。在無流(liu)體(ti)介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)工況(kuang)下,如何(he)減少磨損降低摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱(re),那就要依靠干磨密封了。
干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)(yu)浮動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)一種,常用(yong)(yong)材質為(wei)(wei)耐(nai)磨(mo)碳精,結構包括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體內(nei)有(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)槽,槽內(nei)至少裝有(you)二個截面(mian)為(wei)(wei)矩形的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)(tao)之(zhi)間(jian)有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙(xi),軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)(tao)外表面(mian)涂有(you)耐(nai)磨(mo)涂層,涂層材料(liao)一般為(wei)(wei)三(san)氧化(hua)二鋁(lv)或三(san)氧化(hua)二鉻。干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時需要(yao)增加(jia)隔離氣,通(tong)常使用(yong)(yong)氮氣,氮氣耗量(liang)能控(kong)制(zhi)在25-40。主(zhu)要(yao)應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)毒介質,由(you)于(yu)(yu)操作(zuo)維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不需要(yao)復(fu)雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)潤滑冷卻(que)系統,可以干(gan)(gan)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),得到廣泛的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)。干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括(kuo)有(you)外罩及架設于(yu)(yu)外罩上(shang)且可呈相對旋轉及貼合的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外罩固定連接,靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分(fen)開(kai)設有(you)供旋轉軸(zhou)(zhou)安裝的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)孔,且動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)(de)(de)端(duan)面(mian)分(fen)別為(wei)(wei)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外罩上(shang)設有(you)促使動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)(de)(de)彈性抵壓件。除了要(yao)保(bao)持(chi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)外,主(zhu)要(yao)是摩擦副的(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)問題。
摩擦材料應(ying)具備下列條(tiao)件:
(1)機械強度高(gao),能耐壓和耐壓力變形;
(2)具有耐(nai)干(gan)磨性,耐(nai)高載荷性,自潤(run)滑性好(hao);
(3)配對(dui)材料的磨(mo)合性好,無過大的磨(mo)損和對(dui)偶腐(fu)蝕(shi);
(4)耐(nai)磨性好,摩擦材料(liao)雖然是(shi)易損(sun)件,起到保護(hu)制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)或(huo)傳動(dong)裝置(zhi)的(de)作(zuo)用,但要(yao)求具有一定的(de)耐(nai)磨性,使用壽命盡量要(yao)長,刮傷、腐(fu)蝕和粘附對偶,都會造成制(zhi)(zhi)動(dong)或(huo)傳動(dong)的(de)震動(dong)和不穩定;
(5)導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)和散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)好(hao),導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)是傳導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)的能力大(da)小,即(ji)包(bao)括(kuo)吸(xi)熱(re)(re)(re)(re),也包(bao)括(kuo)散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re),所以,導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)好(hao)的必然散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)也好(hao);
(6)抗熱裂性好,根本解(jie)決抗熱裂性問題(ti)可能需(xu)要改變封孔方法;
(7)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性強,一些(xie)有色金(jin)屬合金(jin)能將良好的摩(mo)擦(ca)學(xue)特性與有些(xie)流(liu)體(ti)的耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕(shi)性結合;
(8)線膨(peng)脹(zhang)(zhang)系數小(xiao)(xiao),熱膨(peng)脹(zhang)(zhang)會(hui)造成摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦材料與摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦對偶之間的間隙(xi)過小(xiao)(xiao),發生(sheng)拖(tuo)摩(mo)(mo)(mo),損毀制動、傳動裝(zhuang)置。