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發布時(shi)間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:133955 來源(yuan):
填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)改集式(shi)密封(feng)是指通過預(yu)緊或(huo)介(jie)質壓(ya)力的自緊作用(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)與轉動件(jian)及固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)之間產生壓(ya)緊力的動密封(feng)裝置。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函密封(feng)”。結(jie)構形式(shi)較(jiao)多,主(zhu)要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱和(he)(he)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)組成(cheng)。常用(yong)的填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)有石棉織物、碳纖維(wei)、橡膠、柔(rou)性(xing)石墨和(he)(he)工(gong)程塑料(liao)(liao)等,預(yu)制成(cheng)環狀或(huo)條(tiao)狀(有的需預(yu)先(xian)浸漬(zi)潤滑(hua)性(xing)好(hao)的填(tian)(tian)(tian)充物),并采用(yong)多環或(huo)螺旋狀多層結(jie)構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)以安置填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)包括壓(ya)蓋、螺栓和(he)(he)彈(dan)簧(huang)等,用(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)預(yu)緊,工(gong)作時阻止介(jie)質外漏(lou),彈(dan)簧(huang)可起補(bu)償作用(yong)。
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)裝入(ru)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)腔以后,經壓蓋螺(luo)絲對它作(zuo)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向壓縮,當(dang)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)有相對運動時(shi),由(you)于填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)塑性,使(shi)它產生徑向力,并與軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)緊(jin)(jin)密(mi)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)。與此(ci)同時(shi),填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)中(zhong)浸漬的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)(run)滑(hua)劑被(bei)擠出,在接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)面之間形成(cheng)(cheng)油(you)(you)膜。由(you)于接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)狀態并不(bu)是特別均勻的(de)(de)(de),接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)(wei)便出現“邊(bian)界潤(run)(run)滑(hua)”狀態,稱為“軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)應”;而未接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)的(de)(de)(de)凹部形成(cheng)(cheng)小油(you)(you)槽,有較厚的(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)膜,接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)(wei)與非(fei)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)(wei)組成(cheng)(cheng)一(yi)道不(bu)規則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)迷(mi)(mi)宮(gong)(gong),起(qi)阻止(zhi)液(ye)流泄漏的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用,此(ci)稱“迷(mi)(mi)宮(gong)(gong)效(xiao)應”。這就是填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)密(mi)封(feng)的(de)(de)(de)機理。顯然,良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)在于維持“軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)應”和(he)“迷(mi)(mi)宮(gong)(gong)效(xiao)應”。也就是說,要保持良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)(run)滑(hua)和(he)適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)壓緊(jin)(jin)。若潤(run)(run)滑(hua)不(bu)良(liang),或壓得過緊(jin)(jin)都(dou)會使(shi)油(you)(you)膜中(zhong)斷,造成(cheng)(cheng)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)與軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之間出現干(gan)摩擦,最后導(dao)致燒軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和(he)出現嚴(yan)重磨損。
為(wei)此,需(xu)要經(jing)常(chang)對填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)壓(ya)緊程度進行調(diao)整(zheng),以便填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)中的(de)潤(run)滑劑(ji)在運行一段時間流失之后(hou),再擠(ji)出一些潤(run)滑劑(ji),同時補償填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)因體(ti)積變化所造成的(de)壓(ya)緊力松弛。顯(xian)然,這(zhe)樣經(jing)常(chang)擠(ji)壓(ya)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao),最(zui)終將使浸漬(zi)劑(ji)枯竭,所以定期更換填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)是必要的(de)。此外,為(wei)了維持液膜和帶走摩擦熱,有意讓填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)處有少量泄漏(lou)也(ye)是必要的(de)。