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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人(ren)氣:98715 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數北海街道機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,北海街道機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。北海街道機械密封端面(mian)(mian)摩擦(ca)的(de)工況一般分為:流(liu)體摩擦(ca)、混合摩擦(ca)和邊界摩擦(ca)三類,但(dan)不能長時(shi)間(jian)干(gan)摩擦(ca)。干(gan)摩擦(ca)狀態時(shi),兩端面(mian)(mian)間(jian)的(de)固體表(biao)面(mian)(mian)微凸體將直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu)而(er)引起(qi)劇烈的(de)磨損(sun)。磨損(sun)時(shi)一方面(mian)(mian)會使摩擦(ca)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)物質喪(sang)失或遷移,導(dao)致表(biao)面(mian)(mian)損(sun)壞;另一方面(mian)(mian)會產生大量的(de)摩擦(ca)熱直(zhi)至燒毀密(mi)(mi)封。在無流(liu)體介質的(de)工況下(xia),如何減少(shao)磨損(sun)降(jiang)低(di)摩擦(ca)熱,那就要依靠(kao)干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)封了。
干(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)一種(zhong),常(chang)用(yong)材(cai)質為(wei)耐(nai)磨(mo)碳精,結構包括環(huan)(huan)行(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和(he)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內有(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)槽,槽內至少裝(zhuang)有(you)(you)二個截面(mian)(mian)為(wei)矩形的(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)內徑(jing)與環(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套之(zhi)間有(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)間隙,軸套外表面(mian)(mian)涂有(you)(you)耐(nai)磨(mo)涂層,涂層材(cai)料一般為(wei)三(san)氧化二鋁或三(san)氧化二鉻。干(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)時需要增加隔(ge)離(li)氣,通常(chang)使用(yong)氮(dan)氣,氮(dan)氣耗量能控制在25-40。主(zhu)要應用(yong)于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易(yi)燃有(you)(you)毒介質,由(you)于(yu)操作(zuo)維修簡(jian)單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好,不需要復雜的(de)(de)潤滑冷卻系統(tong),可以干(gan)運行(xing),得到廣泛的(de)(de)應用(yong)。干(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)(you)外罩(zhao)及(ji)(ji)架設(she)于(yu)外罩(zhao)上且(qie)可呈相對旋轉及(ji)(ji)貼(tie)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與外罩(zhao)固定(ding)連(lian)接(jie),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)上分開設(she)有(you)(you)供旋轉軸安(an)裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)通孔,且(qie)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)貼(tie)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)分別(bie)為(wei)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)及(ji)(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian),外罩(zhao)上設(she)有(you)(you)促使動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合(he)(he)的(de)(de)彈(dan)性(xing)抵壓件。除(chu)了要保(bao)持(chi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)平(ping)行(xing)之(zhi)外,主(zhu)要是摩擦副的(de)(de)材(cai)料問題。
摩擦材料應具備下列條(tiao)件:
(1)機械強度高,能耐壓(ya)和耐壓(ya)力變形(xing);
(2)具有耐干(gan)磨性,耐高載荷性,自潤滑性好(hao);
(3)配對(dui)材料的磨(mo)合性好,無過大的磨(mo)損和對(dui)偶腐蝕(shi);
(4)耐(nai)磨性(xing)好,摩擦材料(liao)雖然(ran)是易損(sun)件,起到保護制(zhi)動或(huo)傳(chuan)動裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的作用(yong),但(dan)要求具有一定的耐(nai)磨性(xing),使用(yong)壽命盡量要長,刮傷、腐蝕和粘附對(dui)偶(ou),都會造(zao)成(cheng)制(zhi)動或(huo)傳(chuan)動的震動和不穩定;
(5)導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)和散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)好,導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)是傳導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量的能力大(da)小,即包(bao)括吸熱(re)(re)(re)(re),也包(bao)括散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re),所以,導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)好的必然散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)也好;
(6)抗(kang)熱裂(lie)性好,根本(ben)解決抗(kang)熱裂(lie)性問題可(ke)能需要(yao)改變封孔方法(fa);
(7)耐(nai)(nai)腐蝕性強,一些有色金屬合金能將良(liang)好的(de)摩擦學(xue)特性與有些流體的(de)耐(nai)(nai)腐蝕性結合;
(8)線膨脹(zhang)(zhang)系(xi)數小(xiao),熱(re)膨脹(zhang)(zhang)會造成摩(mo)擦材(cai)料與摩(mo)擦對偶之間的間隙過小(xiao),發生(sheng)拖摩(mo),損(sun)毀制動、傳動裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。