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發布(bu)時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:133924 來源:
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改集式密封(feng)是指通過(guo)預(yu)緊(jin)或(huo)介(jie)質壓(ya)(ya)力(li)的自(zi)緊(jin)作用(yong)使(shi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與轉動件(jian)(jian)及固定(ding)件(jian)(jian)之間(jian)產生壓(ya)(ya)緊(jin)力(li)的動密封(feng)裝置。又稱“填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函密封(feng)”。結(jie)構形式較多,主要由填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱和填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固定(ding)件(jian)(jian)組成(cheng)。常用(yong)的填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)石棉織物、碳纖(xian)維(wei)、橡(xiang)膠、柔(rou)性石墨(mo)和工(gong)程塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等(deng),預(yu)制(zhi)成(cheng)環(huan)狀或(huo)條狀(有(you)的需預(yu)先浸漬潤滑性好的填(tian)(tian)充物),并采用(yong)多環(huan)或(huo)螺旋狀多層結(jie)構。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)以安置填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固定(ding)件(jian)(jian)包括壓(ya)(ya)蓋、螺栓(shuan)和彈簧等(deng),用(yong)以使(shi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)預(yu)緊(jin),工(gong)作時(shi)阻(zu)止介(jie)質外漏,彈簧可(ke)起補償(chang)作用(yong)。
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)裝(zhuang)入填(tian)(tian)料(liao)腔以后,經壓(ya)蓋螺絲對(dui)它作軸(zhou)向壓(ya)縮,當軸(zhou)與(yu)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)有(you)相對(dui)運動時(shi),由于(yu)(yu)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)塑(su)性,使(shi)它產生徑向力,并與(yu)軸(zhou)緊密(mi)接(jie)(jie)觸。與(yu)此同(tong)時(shi),填(tian)(tian)料(liao)中浸漬的(de)(de)潤滑劑被擠出,在(zai)接(jie)(jie)觸面之間形成(cheng)油(you)膜。由于(yu)(yu)接(jie)(jie)觸狀態并不(bu)是(shi)特別均勻的(de)(de),接(jie)(jie)觸部位便(bian)出現(xian)“邊界潤滑”狀態,稱(cheng)為“軸(zhou)承效(xiao)應”;而未接(jie)(jie)觸的(de)(de)凹部形成(cheng)小油(you)槽,有(you)較厚的(de)(de)油(you)膜,接(jie)(jie)觸部位與(yu)非接(jie)(jie)觸部位組成(cheng)一道不(bu)規則的(de)(de)迷(mi)宮,起阻止(zhi)液流泄(xie)漏的(de)(de)作用(yong),此稱(cheng)“迷(mi)宮效(xiao)應”。這就是(shi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)密(mi)封的(de)(de)機理(li)。顯然,良(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)密(mi)封在(zai)于(yu)(yu)維(wei)持“軸(zhou)承效(xiao)應”和(he)“迷(mi)宮效(xiao)應”。也(ye)就是(shi)說,要保(bao)持良(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)潤滑和(he)適當的(de)(de)壓(ya)緊。若潤滑不(bu)良(liang)(liang),或壓(ya)得過緊都(dou)會使(shi)油(you)膜中斷,造成(cheng)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)與(yu)軸(zhou)之間出現(xian)干摩擦(ca),最后導致燒軸(zhou)和(he)出現(xian)嚴重磨(mo)損。
為此(ci),需(xu)要(yao)經常(chang)(chang)對(dui)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)的壓緊程度(du)進行調整,以便填(tian)料(liao)(liao)中(zhong)的潤滑劑(ji)在運行一(yi)段時間流失之后(hou),再擠出一(yi)些(xie)潤滑劑(ji),同(tong)時補償填(tian)料(liao)(liao)因(yin)體積變化所(suo)(suo)造(zao)成的壓緊力(li)松(song)弛。顯然,這樣經常(chang)(chang)擠壓填(tian)料(liao)(liao),最終將使(shi)浸漬劑(ji)枯竭,所(suo)(suo)以定期更換填(tian)料(liao)(liao)是(shi)(shi)必要(yao)的。此(ci)外,為了維持液(ye)膜和帶走(zou)摩擦熱,有意讓填(tian)料(liao)(liao)處有少量泄漏也是(shi)(shi)必要(yao)的。