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發布時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人(ren)氣:134049 來源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)料改集式密封是指通過(guo)預緊(jin)或(huo)介質壓(ya)力的(de)(de)自(zi)緊(jin)作用(yong)(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料與轉動(dong)件及固定件之間(jian)產生(sheng)壓(ya)緊(jin)力的(de)(de)動(dong)密封裝置。又(you)稱(cheng)“填(tian)(tian)(tian)料函(han)密封”。結構(gou)形式較多(duo),主要由(you)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料箱(xiang)和填(tian)(tian)(tian)料固定件組成(cheng)。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料材料有石棉織物(wu)、碳纖維、橡膠、柔性石墨和工程塑料等(deng),預制成(cheng)環狀(zhuang)或(huo)條狀(zhuang)(有的(de)(de)需(xu)預先浸漬潤(run)滑性好的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)充物(wu)),并采用(yong)(yong)多(duo)環或(huo)螺(luo)旋狀(zhuang)多(duo)層結構(gou)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料箱(xiang)用(yong)(yong)以安(an)置填(tian)(tian)(tian)料。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料固定件包括壓(ya)蓋、螺(luo)栓和彈(dan)簧等(deng),用(yong)(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料預緊(jin),工作時阻止介質外漏,彈(dan)簧可起補(bu)償作用(yong)(yong)。
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)入填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)腔(qiang)以后,經壓蓋螺絲對它(ta)作軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向壓縮(suo),當軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)(yu)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)有相對運(yun)動時,由(you)于填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)塑性(xing),使它(ta)產生徑向力,并(bing)與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)緊密(mi)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)。與(yu)(yu)此同時,填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)中浸漬的(de)潤(run)滑(hua)劑(ji)被擠出,在(zai)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)面之(zhi)間形(xing)成(cheng)油(you)膜。由(you)于接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)并(bing)不(bu)是特別均(jun)勻的(de),接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)位便出現“邊界(jie)潤(run)滑(hua)”狀(zhuang)態(tai),稱(cheng)為“軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效應(ying)(ying)(ying)”;而(er)未接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)的(de)凹部(bu)形(xing)成(cheng)小油(you)槽,有較厚(hou)的(de)油(you)膜,接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)位與(yu)(yu)非接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)位組成(cheng)一道不(bu)規(gui)則的(de)迷(mi)宮(gong),起阻止液流(liu)泄漏的(de)作用,此稱(cheng)“迷(mi)宮(gong)效應(ying)(ying)(ying)”。這就是填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)機理。顯然,良(liang)好(hao)的(de)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)在(zai)于維持“軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效應(ying)(ying)(ying)”和“迷(mi)宮(gong)效應(ying)(ying)(ying)”。也(ye)就是說,要保持良(liang)好(hao)的(de)潤(run)滑(hua)和適(shi)當的(de)壓緊。若(ruo)潤(run)滑(hua)不(bu)良(liang),或(huo)壓得過緊都(dou)會使油(you)膜中斷(duan),造成(cheng)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)間出現干摩擦,最(zui)后導致燒軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和出現嚴重磨損。
為(wei)(wei)此,需要經常對填(tian)(tian)料的壓緊(jin)程度進(jin)行調(diao)整,以便填(tian)(tian)料中的潤(run)滑(hua)劑在運(yun)行一段時(shi)間流(liu)失之后,再擠出一些潤(run)滑(hua)劑,同(tong)時(shi)補償(chang)填(tian)(tian)料因體(ti)積變化所造(zao)成(cheng)的壓緊(jin)力(li)松弛。顯然(ran),這樣經常擠壓填(tian)(tian)料,最終(zhong)將使浸漬劑枯竭(jie),所以定期更換填(tian)(tian)料是必(bi)要的。此外,為(wei)(wei)了維持液膜和帶走摩擦熱,有意讓填(tian)(tian)料處有少量泄(xie)漏也是必(bi)要的。