填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)改集(ji)式(shi)密封(feng)是指通過預(yu)緊(jin)或介質(zhi)壓(ya)力(li)的(de)自緊(jin)作(zuo)用(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)與轉動(dong)件(jian)(jian)及固(gu)定件(jian)(jian)之間(jian)產(chan)生壓(ya)緊(jin)力(li)的(de)動(dong)密封(feng)裝置(zhi)。又稱(cheng)“填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函密封(feng)”。結(jie)構形式(shi)較多，主要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱和填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固(gu)定件(jian)(jian)組成。常(chang)用(yong)的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)有(you)石棉織物(wu)、碳纖維、橡膠、柔(rou)性(xing)石墨和工程塑料(liao)(liao)等，預(yu)制(zhi)成環狀(zhuang)(zhuang)或條狀(zhuang)(zhuang)（有(you)的(de)需預(yu)先浸漬潤滑性(xing)好的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充物(wu)），并采用(yong)多環或螺(luo)旋狀(zhuang)(zhuang)多層結(jie)構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)以安置(zhi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固(gu)定件(jian)(jian)包(bao)括壓(ya)蓋、螺(luo)栓(shuan)和彈(dan)(dan)簧等，用(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)預(yu)緊(jin)，工作(zuo)時阻止介質(zhi)外漏，彈(dan)(dan)簧可起補償(chang)作(zuo)用(yong)。

　　填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)裝入(ru)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)腔以(yi)后，經(jing)壓(ya)蓋螺絲對它作軸(zhou)向壓(ya)縮，當軸(zhou)與填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)有(you)相對運動(dong)時(shi)，由(you)于(yu)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)塑性，使它產生徑向力(li)，并與軸(zhou)緊密(mi)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)。與此同時(shi)，填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)中(zhong)浸漬的(de)潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)劑(ji)被擠(ji)出(chu)，在接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)面之間(jian)形成(cheng)(cheng)油(you)膜。由(you)于(yu)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)狀態(tai)并不是(shi)特別均勻的(de)，接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)便出(chu)現(xian)“邊界(jie)潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)”狀態(tai)，稱為“軸(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)”；而未接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)的(de)凹部形成(cheng)(cheng)小油(you)槽，有(you)較厚的(de)油(you)膜，接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)與非(fei)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)組成(cheng)(cheng)一道不規則(ze)的(de)迷宮(gong)，起阻止液流泄漏的(de)作用，此稱“迷宮(gong)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)”。這就是(shi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)密(mi)封的(de)機理。顯然，良(liang)好(hao)的(de)密(mi)封在于(yu)維持“軸(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)”和(he)“迷宮(gong)效(xiao)應(ying)(ying)”。也就是(shi)說(shuo)，要保持良(liang)好(hao)的(de)潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)和(he)適(shi)當的(de)壓(ya)緊。若潤(run)滑(hua)(hua)不良(liang)，或壓(ya)得過緊都會使油(you)膜中(zhong)斷(duan)，造成(cheng)(cheng)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)與軸(zhou)之間(jian)出(chu)現(xian)干摩擦(ca)，最(zui)后導致(zhi)燒軸(zhou)和(he)出(chu)現(xian)嚴重磨損。

　　為(wei)此，需要(yao)經(jing)(jing)常對(dui)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)壓緊(jin)程度進行(xing)調整，以便填(tian)料(liao)(liao)中的(de)潤(run)滑劑在運行(xing)一段時間流失之后，再(zai)擠(ji)出一些潤(run)滑劑，同時補償填(tian)料(liao)(liao)因體積(ji)變化所(suo)造成的(de)壓緊(jin)力松弛。顯然(ran)，這樣經(jing)(jing)常擠(ji)壓填(tian)料(liao)(liao)，最終將使浸漬劑枯竭，所(suo)以定期(qi)更(geng)換(huan)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)是必(bi)要(yao)的(de)。此外，為(wei)了(le)維持液(ye)膜(mo)和(he)帶走摩擦熱，有意讓填(tian)料(liao)(liao)處(chu)有少量泄漏也是必(bi)要(yao)的(de)。