填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改集式密(mi)封(feng)是指通過預緊(jin)或介(jie)質壓(ya)力(li)的(de)自緊(jin)作(zuo)用使(shi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與(yu)轉動件(jian)及(ji)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)件(jian)之(zhi)間產生壓(ya)緊(jin)力(li)的(de)動密(mi)封(feng)裝置(zhi)。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函(han)密(mi)封(feng)”。結構形式較(jiao)多，主要(yao)由填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱和填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)件(jian)組成(cheng)。常用的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有石棉織物、碳纖維、橡膠、柔(rou)性石墨和工程塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等，預制成(cheng)環狀(zhuang)或條狀(zhuang)（有的(de)需預先浸漬潤滑性好的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充物），并采用多環或螺(luo)(luo)旋狀(zhuang)多層(ceng)結構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱用以(yi)安置(zhi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)件(jian)包括(kuo)壓(ya)蓋、螺(luo)(luo)栓和彈簧(huang)等，用以(yi)使(shi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)預緊(jin)，工作(zuo)時阻止介(jie)質外漏(lou)，彈簧(huang)可起(qi)補償(chang)作(zuo)用。

　　填(tian)料(liao)裝入(ru)填(tian)料(liao)腔以后，經壓(ya)蓋(gai)螺絲對它作(zuo)軸向壓(ya)縮(suo)，當(dang)軸與(yu)填(tian)料(liao)有相(xiang)對運動時，由于填(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)塑性，使(shi)它產生徑向力，并與(yu)軸緊密(mi)接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)。與(yu)此同(tong)時，填(tian)料(liao)中浸漬的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑劑(ji)被(bei)擠出，在接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)面(mian)之間形成(cheng)油(you)(you)(you)膜。由于接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)并不(bu)是特別(bie)均勻(yun)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)，接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)便出現“邊(bian)界潤滑”狀(zhuang)態(tai)，稱為(wei)“軸承效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)”；而未接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)凹部(bu)(bu)形成(cheng)小油(you)(you)(you)槽，有較厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)(you)(you)膜，接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)與(yu)非接觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)組成(cheng)一道(dao)不(bu)規則的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)迷宮(gong)，起(qi)阻止液流泄漏的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用，此稱“迷宮(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)”。這就是填(tian)料(liao)密(mi)封的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)機理。顯然，良(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封在于維持(chi)(chi)“軸承效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)”和(he)“迷宮(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)”。也就是說，要保持(chi)(chi)良(liang)(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑和(he)適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)緊。若潤滑不(bu)良(liang)(liang)，或壓(ya)得過緊都(dou)會使(shi)油(you)(you)(you)膜中斷，造成(cheng)填(tian)料(liao)與(yu)軸之間出現干摩擦(ca)，最(zui)后導致(zhi)燒軸和(he)出現嚴重磨損(sun)。

　　為(wei)此，需要(yao)(yao)經(jing)常(chang)對填(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)壓(ya)緊程度進行調整，以(yi)便填(tian)(tian)料(liao)中的(de)潤(run)滑劑(ji)在(zai)運行一段(duan)時(shi)(shi)間流失之后，再擠(ji)出一些潤(run)滑劑(ji)，同時(shi)(shi)補償填(tian)(tian)料(liao)因(yin)體積變化(hua)所(suo)造成的(de)壓(ya)緊力(li)松弛。顯然，這樣(yang)經(jing)常(chang)擠(ji)壓(ya)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)，最終(zhong)將使浸漬劑(ji)枯(ku)竭，所(suo)以(yi)定期更(geng)換填(tian)(tian)料(liao)是必(bi)要(yao)(yao)的(de)。此外，為(wei)了維持液膜和帶走摩擦熱，有(you)意讓填(tian)(tian)料(liao)處有(you)少量泄漏也是必(bi)要(yao)(yao)的(de)。