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發布(bu)時間(jian):2021-12-17 11:48:10 人(ren)氣:98699 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數昌寧機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,昌寧機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。昌寧機械密封端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)的(de)工況(kuang)一般分為:流體摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)、混(hun)合摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)和邊界摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)三類,但不能長時間(jian)干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)。干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)狀(zhuang)態(tai)時,兩(liang)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)間(jian)的(de)固體表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)微(wei)凸體將直(zhi)接接觸而引起劇烈的(de)磨損(sun)(sun)。磨損(sun)(sun)時一方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)會(hui)使摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)物質喪(sang)失或遷移,導(dao)致表面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)損(sun)(sun)壞;另(ling)一方面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)會(hui)產(chan)生(sheng)大量的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱直(zhi)至(zhi)燒毀密封(feng)。在(zai)無流體介質的(de)工況(kuang)下(xia),如(ru)何減(jian)少磨損(sun)(sun)降低摩(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱,那(nei)就要(yao)依靠干(gan)磨密封(feng)了。
干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬(shu)于(yu)浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一種(zhong),常(chang)(chang)用(yong)材質為耐磨碳精(jing),結構包括環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行軸(zhou)套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)內(nei)有(you)(you)(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行槽(cao),槽(cao)內(nei)至(zhi)少裝有(you)(you)(you)(you)二(er)(er)個(ge)截面(mian)(mian)為矩形的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內(nei)徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行軸(zhou)套之(zhi)間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)間(jian)隙,軸(zhou)套外(wai)表面(mian)(mian)涂有(you)(you)(you)(you)耐磨涂層,涂層材料一般(ban)為三(san)(san)氧化二(er)(er)鋁或三(san)(san)氧化二(er)(er)鉻。干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)(you)(you)時需要(yao)增加隔離氣,通常(chang)(chang)使(shi)用(yong)氮氣,氮氣耗量能控制在25-40。主(zhu)要(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易(yi)燃有(you)(you)(you)(you)毒介質,由于(yu)操(cao)作維修簡(jian)單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好(hao),不需要(yao)復雜的(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可(ke)(ke)以干(gan)運行,得(de)到廣泛的(de)應用(yong)。干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)(you)(you)(you)外(wai)罩及(ji)(ji)(ji)架(jia)設于(yu)外(wai)罩上(shang)且可(ke)(ke)呈相對旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)貼(tie)(tie)合(he)(he)(he)的(de)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外(wai)罩固定連(lian)接,靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分(fen)開設有(you)(you)(you)(you)供旋轉(zhuan)(zhuan)軸(zhou)安裝的(de)通孔,且動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼(tie)(tie)合(he)(he)(he)的(de)端(duan)面(mian)(mian)分(fen)別為動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian),外(wai)罩上(shang)設有(you)(you)(you)(you)促使(shi)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)(tie)合(he)(he)(he)的(de)彈(dan)性抵壓件。除(chu)了要(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)平(ping)行之(zhi)外(wai),主(zhu)要(yao)是摩擦副(fu)的(de)材料問題(ti)。
摩擦材(cai)料(liao)應具備下列條件:
(1)機(ji)械強度高,能耐壓(ya)和耐壓(ya)力(li)變形;
(2)具(ju)有耐干磨性(xing),耐高載荷性(xing),自(zi)潤滑性(xing)好;
(3)配對(dui)材(cai)料(liao)的磨(mo)合性好,無(wu)過大的磨(mo)損(sun)和對(dui)偶(ou)腐蝕;
(4)耐(nai)磨性好,摩擦材料雖然是(shi)易損件,起(qi)到保護制(zhi)動(dong)或傳動(dong)裝置的(de)作用(yong),但要求具有(you)一定(ding)的(de)耐(nai)磨性,使用(yong)壽(shou)命(ming)盡量要長,刮(gua)傷、腐蝕和粘附對(dui)偶,都會造成制(zhi)動(dong)或傳動(dong)的(de)震動(dong)和不穩定(ding);
(5)導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)和散(san)熱(re)(re)性(xing)好(hao),導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)是傳導(dao)熱(re)(re)量的能力大小,即包括吸熱(re)(re),也包括散(san)熱(re)(re),所(suo)以,導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)好(hao)的必(bi)然散(san)熱(re)(re)性(xing)也好(hao);
(6)抗熱裂性好(hao),根本解決抗熱裂性問題可能需要改變(bian)封孔方(fang)法(fa);
(7)耐(nai)腐蝕性強(qiang),一(yi)些(xie)有色金屬合金能將良好的(de)摩擦學(xue)特性與有些(xie)流體的(de)耐(nai)腐蝕性結合;
(8)線(xian)膨脹系數小,熱膨脹會(hui)造(zao)成摩(mo)(mo)擦材料與摩(mo)(mo)擦對偶之(zhi)間(jian)的間(jian)隙過小,發(fa)生(sheng)拖摩(mo)(mo),損毀制動、傳動裝置。