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發布時(shi)間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:134800 來源:
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)改集(ji)式密(mi)封是指通(tong)過(guo)預(yu)緊(jin)或介質壓(ya)力的(de)自(zi)緊(jin)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)使(shi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)與轉動件(jian)及固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)之(zhi)間產生壓(ya)緊(jin)力的(de)動密(mi)封裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。又稱“填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函密(mi)封”。結構(gou)形式較多,主要由(you)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)和填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)組成。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)有石棉(mian)織物、碳纖(xian)維、橡(xiang)膠、柔性石墨和工程塑料(liao)(liao)等(deng),預(yu)制成環(huan)狀(zhuang)或條狀(zhuang)(有的(de)需預(yu)先(xian)浸(jin)漬潤滑性好的(de)填(tian)(tian)充物),并采用(yong)(yong)(yong)多環(huan)或螺(luo)旋(xuan)狀(zhuang)多層(ceng)結構(gou)。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)以安置(zhi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)包括壓(ya)蓋、螺(luo)栓(shuan)和彈(dan)簧(huang)等(deng),用(yong)(yong)(yong)以使(shi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)預(yu)緊(jin),工作時阻止介質外漏,彈(dan)簧(huang)可起補償(chang)作用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
填(tian)料(liao)裝入填(tian)料(liao)腔以(yi)后,經壓蓋(gai)螺絲(si)對它(ta)作(zuo)(zuo)軸(zhou)向(xiang)壓縮,當軸(zhou)與(yu)(yu)填(tian)料(liao)有相對運動(dong)時,由(you)于(yu)填(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)塑性,使它(ta)產生徑向(xiang)力,并(bing)與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)緊(jin)密(mi)接觸(chu)(chu)。與(yu)(yu)此同時,填(tian)料(liao)中浸漬(zi)的(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)劑被擠出(chu),在接觸(chu)(chu)面(mian)之間(jian)形(xing)成油(you)膜。由(you)于(yu)接觸(chu)(chu)狀態(tai)(tai)并(bing)不是特別(bie)均(jun)勻的(de)(de)(de),接觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)位便出(chu)現(xian)(xian)“邊界潤滑(hua)”狀態(tai)(tai),稱為“軸(zhou)承效應(ying)”;而(er)未接觸(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)凹部(bu)(bu)形(xing)成小(xiao)油(you)槽,有較厚的(de)(de)(de)油(you)膜,接觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)位與(yu)(yu)非接觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)位組成一道不規則的(de)(de)(de)迷宮,起阻止(zhi)液(ye)流泄漏的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用(yong),此稱“迷宮效應(ying)”。這(zhe)就是填(tian)料(liao)密(mi)封的(de)(de)(de)機理。顯然,良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封在于(yu)維持“軸(zhou)承效應(ying)”和“迷宮效應(ying)”。也就是說,要保持良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)和適(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)壓緊(jin)。若潤滑(hua)不良(liang),或壓得過緊(jin)都會使油(you)膜中斷,造成填(tian)料(liao)與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)之間(jian)出(chu)現(xian)(xian)干摩擦(ca),最(zui)后導致燒軸(zhou)和出(chu)現(xian)(xian)嚴(yan)重磨損。
為(wei)此(ci),需要(yao)經常對填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)壓(ya)緊程度進行調整,以便填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)中的(de)(de)潤滑劑(ji)在運行一(yi)(yi)段時間(jian)流失(shi)之后,再擠出一(yi)(yi)些潤滑劑(ji),同時補償填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)因體(ti)積(ji)變化所造成(cheng)的(de)(de)壓(ya)緊力松(song)弛。顯(xian)然(ran),這樣經常擠壓(ya)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao),最終將使(shi)浸漬劑(ji)枯竭,所以定(ding)期更換填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)是必(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)。此(ci)外,為(wei)了維持液膜和(he)帶(dai)走摩(mo)擦(ca)熱,有(you)意(yi)讓填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)處有(you)少量泄漏也是必(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)。