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發布(bu)時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣(qi):127900 來源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)改集(ji)式密封(feng)(feng)是(shi)指(zhi)通過預緊(jin)或介質(zhi)壓力的(de)自緊(jin)作(zuo)用(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)與轉動件及固(gu)定(ding)件之間(jian)產生壓緊(jin)力的(de)動密封(feng)(feng)裝置(zhi)(zhi)。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函密封(feng)(feng)”。結構形式較多,主(zhu)要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱和填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件組(zu)成。常用(yong)的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)有石棉織物、碳(tan)纖維、橡膠、柔(rou)性(xing)石墨和工程塑(su)料(liao)(liao)等,預制成環(huan)(huan)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)或條狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(有的(de)需預先浸漬(zi)潤滑性(xing)好的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)充物),并采(cai)用(yong)多環(huan)(huan)或螺旋狀(zhuang)(zhuang)多層結構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)以安置(zhi)(zhi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件包括壓蓋、螺栓和彈簧(huang)(huang)等,用(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)預緊(jin),工作(zuo)時阻止介質(zhi)外(wai)漏,彈簧(huang)(huang)可起補償作(zuo)用(yong)。
填(tian)料(liao)裝入填(tian)料(liao)腔以后,經壓蓋(gai)螺絲對它作軸(zhou)向壓縮(suo),當(dang)軸(zhou)與(yu)填(tian)料(liao)有相(xiang)對運動時,由于填(tian)料(liao)的(de)塑性,使它產(chan)生徑向力,并與(yu)軸(zhou)緊密接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)。與(yu)此(ci)同(tong)時,填(tian)料(liao)中浸漬的(de)潤(run)滑劑被擠出(chu),在接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)面之間形(xing)成(cheng)油(you)膜。由于接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)狀態并不(bu)是特(te)別均勻(yun)的(de),接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部位(wei)便出(chu)現(xian)“邊界(jie)潤(run)滑”狀態,稱(cheng)為“軸(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)應”;而未接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)凹部形(xing)成(cheng)小油(you)槽(cao),有較厚的(de)油(you)膜,接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部位(wei)與(yu)非接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部位(wei)組成(cheng)一(yi)道(dao)不(bu)規則(ze)的(de)迷宮(gong)(gong)(gong),起阻止液流泄漏的(de)作用,此(ci)稱(cheng)“迷宮(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)應”。這就是填(tian)料(liao)密封的(de)機(ji)理。顯然,良(liang)好(hao)的(de)密封在于維持“軸(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)應”和“迷宮(gong)(gong)(gong)效(xiao)應”。也就是說,要(yao)保持良(liang)好(hao)的(de)潤(run)滑和適當(dang)的(de)壓緊。若潤(run)滑不(bu)良(liang),或(huo)壓得過緊都會使油(you)膜中斷,造成(cheng)填(tian)料(liao)與(yu)軸(zhou)之間出(chu)現(xian)干(gan)摩擦,最后導致燒軸(zhou)和出(chu)現(xian)嚴重磨損。
為(wei)此,需要(yao)經常(chang)對填(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)壓(ya)緊程度進(jin)行調整(zheng),以(yi)便(bian)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)中的(de)(de)潤(run)滑(hua)劑在運行一(yi)段時(shi)間流失之后,再擠出一(yi)些潤(run)滑(hua)劑,同時(shi)補償填(tian)(tian)料(liao)因(yin)體積變化所造成的(de)(de)壓(ya)緊力松弛。顯然,這樣(yang)經常(chang)擠壓(ya)填(tian)(tian)料(liao),最(zui)終將(jiang)使浸漬劑枯竭,所以(yi)定期更換填(tian)(tian)料(liao)是必(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)。此外,為(wei)了(le)維持液膜和(he)帶走摩擦熱,有意讓填(tian)(tian)料(liao)處(chu)有少量(liang)泄漏也是必(bi)要(yao)的(de)(de)。