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達坂城離心泵軸端密封的幾種形式及其特點

發布時間:2021-12-31 11:57:12 人(ren)氣:116224 來源:

  離心泵屬于葉片式泵中的一種,它主要由葉輪、吸入室、壓出室、密封裝置等組成。離心泵軸端密封形式主要有填料密封、達坂城機械密封、浮動環密封(feng)和(he)迷宮密封(feng)。


  填料密封


  它由填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)壓(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、水(shui)封(feng)(feng)環、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)等組成(cheng)(cheng),是目(mu)(mu)前普(pu)通離心泵(beng)最常采用的一種軸封(feng)(feng)。離心泵(beng)工(gong)作時(shi)(shi),壓(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)將(jiang)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)壓(ya)緊(jin),使泄漏量(liang)減(jian)小(xiao),從(cong)而達(da)到密封(feng)(feng)的目(mu)(mu)的。壓(ya)蓋(gai)(gai)不能過(guo)(guo)松或過(guo)(guo)緊(jin),過(guo)(guo)緊(jin)則造成(cheng)(cheng)軸套(tao)與填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)表面(mian)摩擦加大(da),溫度(du)迅速升高,嚴重(zhong)時(shi)(shi)可導致軸套(tao)和填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)燒壞;過(guo)(guo)松則泄漏量(liang)加大(da),離心泵(beng)效率下降。壓(ya)緊(jin)程度(du)應(ying)使液體從(cong)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)漏出少量(liang)液滴(di)為宜。


  填料(liao)箱中裝有水封(feng)(feng)環,通(tong)過水封(feng)(feng)環引入潔(jie)凈水,使(shi)其在軸(zhou)(zhou)上(shang)形成水環進行(xing)密封(feng)(feng),以防止空氣漏人泵(beng)內或泵(beng)內壓(ya)力水漏出泵(beng)外,密封(feng)(feng)水在填料(liao)與軸(zhou)(zhou)之間,同時亦(yi)起冷卻與潤滑作用。填料(liao)常采(cai)用石墨(mo)油浸(jin)石棉繩或石墨(mo)油浸(jin)含銅、鋁等金屬絲的(de)石棉繩,高壓(ya)泵(beng)采(cai)用聚四(si)氟乙烯效果好。填料(liao)密封(feng)(feng)具有結構(gou)簡(jian)單(dan)、工作可靠造價低(di)等優點;但使(shi)用壽命(ming)短,軸(zhou)(zhou)套易磨損(sun),且(qie)造成介質泄(xie)漏損(sun)失,一般用于中低(di)壓(ya)水泵(beng)上(shang)。


  達坂城機械密封


  它主要(yao)由動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、彈簧、密(mi)封環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)等(deng)組成。動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)用(yong)定(ding)(ding)位螺栓銷(xiao)定(ding)(ding)在轉(zhuan)(zhuan)軸上,與軸一起轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong);靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)使用(yong)防轉(zhuan)(zhuan)銷(xiao)固(gu)定(ding)(ding)在泵體(ti)上,靜(jing)止不動(dong)。動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)在液體(ti)壓力及彈簧力的作(zuo)用(yong)下與靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的端面保(bao)(bao)持均勻、緊(jin)密(mi)接觸,從而實現密(mi)封。為(wei)了保(bao)(bao)證動(dong)、靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的正(zheng)常工作(zuo),在兩環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的端面間(jian)需要(yao)保(bao)(bao)持一層(ceng)極薄的水(shui)膜,起冷卻(que)和潤滑的作(zuo)用(yong)。


  為防止軸間泄漏,設有動環密封圈;為防止靜環與泵體間的泄漏,設有靜環密封圈。達坂城機械密封具有摩擦功耗小、泄漏量小、密封效果好、密封壓力高、使用壽命長等優點,在近代高溫高壓、高轉速的水泵上得到廣泛應用。達坂城機械密封缺點是結構(gou)復雜(za),端面加(jia)工精(jing)度要求極(ji)高,價格昂貴,且安裝技術(shu)要求高,另一方面對介質(zhi)清潔度要求較高。

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  浮動環密封


  它主要由浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)、支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)、彈簧(huang)等(deng)組成。浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)是(shi)以(yi)浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)與(yu)支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)的(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)端面在液(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)壓力(li)及彈簧(huang)力(li)的(de)(de)作用下保持(chi)緊(jin)密(mi)接觸來(lai)實現密(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de);同(tong)時又以(yi)浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)的(de)(de)內圓表面與(yu)軸(zhou)套外表面所形成的(de)(de)微小間隙(xi)對液(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)產生節流來(lai)達(da)到軸(zhou)向密(mi)封(feng)(feng)。液(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)的(de)(de)支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)力(li)使(shi)浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)沿(yan)支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)的(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)端面徑向自(zi)由浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),并自(zi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)調(diao)整(zheng)環(huan)心,當浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)與(yu)軸(zhou)同(tong)心時,液(ye)(ye)(ye)體(ti)支(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)力(li)平衡(heng),浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)不在浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)。


  為了提高密封效果減小泄漏,在浮動環和軸套間通有密封冷卻水,密封液體的壓力略高于被密封液體的壓力。浮動環密封相對于達坂城機械密封,結(jie)構簡單(dan),運(yun)行中(zhong)無軸(zhou)(zhou)向碰撞問題,運(yun)行可靠、密封效果好(hao);其缺點是軸(zhou)(zhou)向尺(chi)寸較長,對具(ju)有短而粗的軸(zhou)(zhou)的大容量機組水泵應用較少。


  迷宮式密封


  它是一種(zhong)非接(jie)觸型(xing)的(de)流(liu)體(ti)(ti)動(dong)力密封,其(qi)機理是利(li)用流(liu)體(ti)(ti)流(liu)過的(de)轉子(zi)與靜子(zi)間的(de)微小間隙產生的(de)節(jie)流(liu)降壓效應(ying)來實(shi)現(xian)密封。


  迷(mi)(mi)(mi)宮(gong)(gong)式密(mi)(mi)(mi)封有(you)多(duo)(duo)種不(bu)同型(xing)式,金(jin)屬迷(mi)(mi)(mi)宮(gong)(gong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封與(yu)(yu)靜子固(gu)接的(de)金(jin)屬密(mi)(mi)(mi)封片在轉軸間形成多(duo)(duo)級突(tu)擴-突(tu)縮(suo)的(de)間隙,對(dui)軸向(xiang)泄(xie)漏流(liu)體(ti)實施多(duo)(duo)級降壓、節流(liu),從(cong)而實現密(mi)(mi)(mi)封;螺(luo)旋迷(mi)(mi)(mi)宮(gong)(gong)式密(mi)(mi)(mi)封在轉軸表面上(shang)車有(you)與(yu)(yu)液體(ti)泄(xie)漏方向(xiang)相反的(de)螺(luo)旋溝(gou)槽,溝(gou)槽中注(zhu)有(you)略(lve)高于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封腔室壓力的(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封水,軸轉動時,螺(luo)旋溝(gou)槽內的(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封水沿軸向(xiang)螺(luo)旋前進,阻止泵內液體(ti)的(de)外泄(xie)。迷(mi)(mi)(mi)宮(gong)(gong)式密(mi)(mi)(mi)封在工作時動、靜部(bu)件無接觸、無磨損,使用壽命(ming)長(chang),在大容量(liang)給水泵上(shang)應用廣泛。