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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:98658 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數達川機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,達川機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。達川機械密封端面(mian)(mian)(mian)摩擦(ca)的工況一(yi)般分為:流體(ti)摩擦(ca)、混(hun)合摩擦(ca)和邊界摩擦(ca)三類,但不能長(chang)時間干摩擦(ca)。干摩擦(ca)狀態時,兩端面(mian)(mian)(mian)間的固體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)微凸體(ti)將直(zhi)接接觸而引起劇烈的磨損(sun)。磨損(sun)時一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)會使摩擦(ca)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)物質喪(sang)失或遷移,導(dao)致表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)損(sun)壞;另一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)(mian)會產(chan)生大量(liang)的摩擦(ca)熱直(zhi)至燒毀密封(feng)。在無流體(ti)介質的工況下,如何減少磨損(sun)降低(di)摩擦(ca)熱,那就要依靠干磨密封(feng)了。
干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)屬于浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong),常用材質為耐(nai)磨碳精,結構包(bao)括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)和環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)軸套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)內有環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)槽,槽內至(zhi)少裝有二(er)個截面(mian)為矩形的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)內徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)軸套之間(jian)有0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙,軸套外(wai)表面(mian)涂有耐(nai)磨涂層(ceng),涂層(ceng)材料一(yi)般為三氧(yang)化二(er)鋁或三氧(yang)化二(er)鉻。干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)有時需(xu)要(yao)增加隔(ge)離氣,通常使(shi)用氮(dan)(dan)氣,氮(dan)(dan)氣耗量(liang)能(neng)控(kong)制在(zai)25-40。主要(yao)應(ying)用于密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)易燃有毒介質,由于操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)性好,不(bu)需(xu)要(yao)復雜的(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)冷卻系(xi)統,可(ke)以干(gan)運行(xing)(xing)(xing),得到廣泛的(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用。干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)包(bao)括(kuo)有外(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)及架設于外(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)上(shang)(shang)且可(ke)呈(cheng)相對旋轉及貼(tie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)固(gu)定連接(jie),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)(shang)分開設有供旋轉軸安裝的(de)(de)(de)通孔,且動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)端面(mian)分別為動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)及靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian),外(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)上(shang)(shang)設有促使(shi)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)彈性抵壓件。除了(le)要(yao)保持(chi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)面(mian)平(ping)行(xing)(xing)(xing)之外(wai),主要(yao)是摩(mo)擦副的(de)(de)(de)材料問題。
摩擦材料應具(ju)備下(xia)列(lie)條件(jian):
(1)機械強度高,能(neng)耐(nai)壓和(he)耐(nai)壓力變形;
(2)具有耐(nai)干磨性,耐(nai)高載荷(he)性,自(zi)潤滑性好(hao);
(3)配對(dui)材料的(de)磨(mo)合性(xing)好,無過(guo)大(da)的(de)磨(mo)損和對(dui)偶腐蝕;
(4)耐磨性好,摩(mo)擦材料雖然是易(yi)損件,起到保護制(zhi)動(dong)或傳(chuan)動(dong)裝置的作用(yong),但要(yao)求具(ju)有一定的耐磨性,使用(yong)壽(shou)命盡量(liang)要(yao)長(chang),刮傷、腐蝕和粘附對(dui)偶,都(dou)會(hui)造成制(zhi)動(dong)或傳(chuan)動(dong)的震(zhen)動(dong)和不穩定;
(5)導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)和(he)散(san)熱(re)(re)性(xing)好,導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)是傳(chuan)導(dao)熱(re)(re)量的(de)能(neng)力大小(xiao),即(ji)包括吸熱(re)(re),也包括散(san)熱(re)(re),所以,導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)好的(de)必然(ran)散(san)熱(re)(re)性(xing)也好;
(6)抗熱裂性好,根本解決抗熱裂性問題可能需要(yao)改變(bian)封孔(kong)方法;
(7)耐腐蝕性(xing)(xing)強,一些有色金屬合金能將良好的摩擦學特性(xing)(xing)與(yu)有些流體的耐腐蝕性(xing)(xing)結合;
(8)線膨脹系(xi)數(shu)小,熱膨脹會造成摩(mo)擦(ca)材料與摩(mo)擦(ca)對偶之間(jian)的間(jian)隙過小,發生拖摩(mo),損毀制動(dong)、傳動(dong)裝(zhuang)置。