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發布時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:134006 來(lai)源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)改集式(shi)密(mi)封是指通(tong)過預(yu)緊(jin)(jin)或介質壓(ya)力(li)的(de)自緊(jin)(jin)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)與(yu)轉(zhuan)動件(jian)及固定件(jian)之間產(chan)生壓(ya)緊(jin)(jin)力(li)的(de)動密(mi)封裝置。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)函密(mi)封”。結構形式(shi)較多(duo)(duo),主要由(you)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱和(he)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)固定件(jian)組成(cheng)。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)有石棉織(zhi)物、碳纖維、橡膠、柔性石墨和(he)工程(cheng)塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)等(deng),預(yu)制成(cheng)環(huan)狀或條狀(有的(de)需預(yu)先浸漬潤(run)滑性好(hao)的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充物),并采用(yong)(yong)(yong)多(duo)(duo)環(huan)或螺旋(xuan)狀多(duo)(duo)層結構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)(yong)(yong)以安置填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)固定件(jian)包括壓(ya)蓋、螺栓和(he)彈簧等(deng),用(yong)(yong)(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)預(yu)緊(jin)(jin),工作(zuo)時阻止(zhi)介質外漏,彈簧可起補償作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
填(tian)(tian)料裝入(ru)填(tian)(tian)料腔以后,經壓蓋螺絲對(dui)它(ta)作(zuo)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向壓縮,當(dang)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)(yu)(yu)填(tian)(tian)料有相對(dui)運動(dong)時,由于填(tian)(tian)料的(de)(de)(de)塑性,使它(ta)產生(sheng)徑向力,并與(yu)(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)緊密接(jie)觸(chu)。與(yu)(yu)(yu)此(ci)同(tong)時,填(tian)(tian)料中(zhong)浸漬(zi)的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)(run)(run)滑劑被擠出(chu),在(zai)接(jie)觸(chu)面(mian)之間形成油膜(mo)。由于接(jie)觸(chu)狀態(tai)并不是特別均勻的(de)(de)(de),接(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)(wei)便出(chu)現(xian)(xian)“邊界潤(run)(run)(run)滑”狀態(tai),稱(cheng)為“軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)”;而未接(jie)觸(chu)的(de)(de)(de)凹部形成小(xiao)油槽,有較厚的(de)(de)(de)油膜(mo),接(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)(wei)與(yu)(yu)(yu)非(fei)接(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)(wei)組成一道不規則的(de)(de)(de)迷(mi)宮,起阻止液流泄漏的(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用,此(ci)稱(cheng)“迷(mi)宮效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)”。這就是填(tian)(tian)料密封的(de)(de)(de)機理(li)。顯然,良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)密封在(zai)于維持(chi)(chi)“軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)”和“迷(mi)宮效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)(ying)”。也就是說,要保持(chi)(chi)良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)潤(run)(run)(run)滑和適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)壓緊。若潤(run)(run)(run)滑不良(liang),或(huo)壓得過緊都會(hui)使油膜(mo)中(zhong)斷,造成填(tian)(tian)料與(yu)(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之間出(chu)現(xian)(xian)干摩擦,最后導(dao)致(zhi)燒軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和出(chu)現(xian)(xian)嚴重磨損。
為此(ci),需要經常(chang)(chang)對填(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)壓緊(jin)程度進(jin)行調整(zheng),以便(bian)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)中的(de)潤滑劑在運行一(yi)段(duan)時(shi)間流(liu)失之后,再擠出一(yi)些潤滑劑,同時(shi)補(bu)償填(tian)(tian)料(liao)因體積(ji)變化所(suo)造成的(de)壓緊(jin)力松(song)弛。顯然,這樣(yang)經常(chang)(chang)擠壓填(tian)(tian)料(liao),最(zui)終將使浸漬劑枯竭,所(suo)以定期更(geng)換填(tian)(tian)料(liao)是(shi)必要的(de)。此(ci)外,為了維持液膜和帶走(zou)摩擦(ca)熱,有意讓(rang)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)處有少量泄(xie)漏也是(shi)必要的(de)。