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發布時(shi)間:2021-12-31 11:57:12 人氣:116507 來源(yuan):
離心泵屬于葉片式泵中的一種,它主要由葉輪、吸入室、壓出室、密封裝置等組成。離心泵軸端密封形式主要有填料密封、當陽機械密封、浮(fu)動環密(mi)封和迷宮密(mi)封。
填料密封
它由填(tian)(tian)料(liao)壓(ya)蓋、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)、水封環、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)箱(xiang)等組成,是目(mu)前普通離(li)心(xin)泵(beng)最常采(cai)用的一種軸(zhou)封。離(li)心(xin)泵(beng)工作(zuo)時,壓(ya)蓋將填(tian)(tian)料(liao)壓(ya)緊(jin),使泄漏量減(jian)小,從(cong)而(er)達到(dao)密封的目(mu)的。壓(ya)蓋不能過(guo)(guo)(guo)松(song)或過(guo)(guo)(guo)緊(jin),過(guo)(guo)(guo)緊(jin)則(ze)(ze)造成軸(zhou)套與填(tian)(tian)料(liao)表面摩(mo)擦加(jia)大(da),溫度(du)迅速升高,嚴重時可導致(zhi)軸(zhou)套和(he)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)燒壞;過(guo)(guo)(guo)松(song)則(ze)(ze)泄漏量加(jia)大(da),離(li)心(xin)泵(beng)效率(lv)下降。壓(ya)緊(jin)程(cheng)度(du)應使液體從(cong)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)箱(xiang)漏出少量液滴為宜。
填(tian)料箱中裝有(you)水(shui)(shui)封(feng)環(huan),通過水(shui)(shui)封(feng)環(huan)引(yin)入潔凈(jing)水(shui)(shui),使(shi)其在(zai)(zai)軸上形成(cheng)水(shui)(shui)環(huan)進行密(mi)封(feng),以防止(zhi)空氣漏人(ren)泵(beng)內(nei)或(huo)泵(beng)內(nei)壓(ya)力水(shui)(shui)漏出泵(beng)外,密(mi)封(feng)水(shui)(shui)在(zai)(zai)填(tian)料與軸之(zhi)間(jian),同時亦(yi)起冷卻與潤滑作用(yong)。填(tian)料常采用(yong)石墨油浸(jin)石棉繩或(huo)石墨油浸(jin)含銅(tong)、鋁等金屬絲的石棉繩,高壓(ya)泵(beng)采用(yong)聚四氟乙烯效果(guo)好。填(tian)料密(mi)封(feng)具有(you)結(jie)構(gou)簡(jian)單、工作可(ke)靠造價低(di)等優點;但(dan)使(shi)用(yong)壽命短,軸套(tao)易磨損(sun),且造成(cheng)介質泄(xie)漏損(sun)失,一般用(yong)于中低(di)壓(ya)水(shui)(shui)泵(beng)上。
它主(zhu)要由動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)、靜(jing)環(huan)、彈簧、密封(feng)環(huan)等組成。動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)用定(ding)位螺栓銷(xiao)(xiao)定(ding)在(zai)(zai)轉(zhuan)軸上,與軸一起轉(zhuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong);靜(jing)環(huan)使用防轉(zhuan)銷(xiao)(xiao)固(gu)定(ding)在(zai)(zai)泵(beng)體上,靜(jing)止不動(dong)(dong)(dong)。動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)在(zai)(zai)液體壓力及彈簧力的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用下(xia)與靜(jing)環(huan)的(de)(de)端面保持均勻、緊密接觸,從而(er)實現(xian)密封(feng)。為了保證動(dong)(dong)(dong)、靜(jing)環(huan)的(de)(de)正常工作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo),在(zai)(zai)兩環(huan)的(de)(de)端面間需要保持一層(ceng)極薄的(de)(de)水膜,起冷卻和潤(run)滑(hua)的(de)(de)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用。
為防止軸間泄漏,設有動環密封圈;為防止靜環與泵體間的泄漏,設有靜環密封圈。當陽機械密封具有摩擦功耗小、泄漏量小、密封效果好、密封壓力高、使用壽命長等優點,在近代高溫高壓、高轉速的水泵上得到廣泛應用。當陽機械密封缺點是結構復(fu)雜,端面(mian)(mian)加工(gong)精度要(yao)求極高(gao),價格昂(ang)貴,且安裝(zhuang)技(ji)術要(yao)求高(gao),另(ling)一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)對介質清潔度要(yao)求較高(gao)。
浮動環密封
它主要(yao)由浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)、支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)、彈簧(huang)等組(zu)成(cheng)。浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)是以浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)端面(mian)(mian)在(zai)液體壓力(li)及(ji)彈簧(huang)力(li)的(de)作用下保持緊密(mi)(mi)接觸來實現密(mi)(mi)封(feng)的(de);同時(shi)(shi)又(you)以浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內(nei)圓表(biao)面(mian)(mian)與(yu)軸套(tao)外表(biao)面(mian)(mian)所形成(cheng)的(de)微小間隙對液體產生(sheng)節流來達到軸向密(mi)(mi)封(feng)。液體的(de)支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)力(li)使浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)沿支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)端面(mian)(mian)徑向自由浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong),并自動(dong)(dong)(dong)調整環(huan)(huan)(huan)心(xin),當浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)軸同心(xin)時(shi)(shi),液體支(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)(cheng)力(li)平(ping)衡,浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)不(bu)在(zai)浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)。
為了提高密封效果減小泄漏,在浮動環和軸套間通有密封冷卻水,密封液體的壓力略高于被密封液體的壓力。浮動環密封相對于當陽機械密封,結構簡單(dan),運(yun)(yun)行中無軸向碰撞(zhuang)問題,運(yun)(yun)行可(ke)靠(kao)、密封效果好;其缺點是(shi)軸向尺寸較長,對具有短而(er)粗的軸的大容量機(ji)組水(shui)泵應用(yong)較少(shao)。
迷宮式密封
它是一(yi)種非(fei)接觸型的(de)(de)流(liu)體動(dong)力密(mi)封(feng),其機理是利用流(liu)體流(liu)過的(de)(de)轉子(zi)與(yu)靜(jing)子(zi)間的(de)(de)微(wei)小間隙產生的(de)(de)節流(liu)降(jiang)壓效應來實(shi)現(xian)密(mi)封(feng)。
迷宮(gong)(gong)式密封(feng)有多種(zhong)不(bu)同型式,金(jin)屬迷宮(gong)(gong)密封(feng)與靜(jing)(jing)子固接的(de)金(jin)屬密封(feng)片在轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)間形(xing)成(cheng)多級(ji)突擴-突縮的(de)間隙,對軸(zhou)向(xiang)泄(xie)漏流體(ti)實施多級(ji)降壓(ya)、節(jie)流,從而(er)實現密封(feng);螺(luo)旋(xuan)迷宮(gong)(gong)式密封(feng)在轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)表面上(shang)車有與液體(ti)泄(xie)漏方向(xiang)相反的(de)螺(luo)旋(xuan)溝槽(cao),溝槽(cao)中注有略(lve)高于密封(feng)腔(qiang)室(shi)壓(ya)力的(de)密封(feng)水(shui),軸(zhou)轉(zhuan)動(dong)時,螺(luo)旋(xuan)溝槽(cao)內(nei)的(de)密封(feng)水(shui)沿(yan)軸(zhou)向(xiang)螺(luo)旋(xuan)前進(jin),阻止(zhi)泵(beng)內(nei)液體(ti)的(de)外泄(xie)。迷宮(gong)(gong)式密封(feng)在工作時動(dong)、靜(jing)(jing)部件無接觸、無磨損(sun),使用壽(shou)命長,在大容量給水(shui)泵(beng)上(shang)應(ying)用廣泛(fan)。