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發布時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:134372 來源(yuan):
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)改集式(shi)密(mi)封是指通過預緊或介質壓(ya)力的(de)(de)自緊作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)與(yu)轉動(dong)件(jian)及(ji)固定件(jian)之間產生壓(ya)緊力的(de)(de)動(dong)密(mi)封裝(zhuang)置。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)函密(mi)封”。結構形式(shi)較多,主要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)和填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)固定件(jian)組成(cheng)。常(chang)用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)有石棉織物、碳纖維、橡膠、柔(rou)性(xing)石墨(mo)和工程塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)等,預制成(cheng)環狀(zhuang)或條(tiao)狀(zhuang)(有的(de)(de)需預先浸漬潤滑(hua)性(xing)好的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充物),并采用(yong)(yong)多環或螺(luo)旋狀(zhuang)多層(ceng)結構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)用(yong)(yong)以(yi)安置填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)固定件(jian)包(bao)括壓(ya)蓋、螺(luo)栓和彈簧(huang)(huang)等,用(yong)(yong)以(yi)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)預緊,工作(zuo)時阻(zu)止介質外漏,彈簧(huang)(huang)可起補償作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。
填(tian)料(liao)裝入填(tian)料(liao)腔以(yi)后,經(jing)壓(ya)蓋螺絲對它作軸(zhou)向壓(ya)縮,當軸(zhou)與(yu)填(tian)料(liao)有(you)相對運(yun)動時,由于填(tian)料(liao)的(de)塑性,使(shi)它產生徑(jing)向力,并(bing)與(yu)軸(zhou)緊(jin)密接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)。與(yu)此同(tong)時,填(tian)料(liao)中浸漬的(de)潤滑劑被擠(ji)出(chu)(chu)(chu),在(zai)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)面之間形(xing)成(cheng)油膜(mo)。由于接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)狀態(tai)并(bing)不是(shi)特別均勻的(de),接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)便出(chu)(chu)(chu)現“邊界潤滑”狀態(tai),稱(cheng)為(wei)“軸(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)”;而未接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)的(de)凹部形(xing)成(cheng)小油槽(cao),有(you)較(jiao)厚的(de)油膜(mo),接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)與(yu)非接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)組(zu)成(cheng)一道不規則的(de)迷宮,起阻止液流泄漏(lou)的(de)作用,此稱(cheng)“迷宮效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)”。這就是(shi)填(tian)料(liao)密封(feng)的(de)機理。顯(xian)然,良好的(de)密封(feng)在(zai)于維持(chi)“軸(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)”和(he)“迷宮效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)”。也就是(shi)說,要(yao)保持(chi)良好的(de)潤滑和(he)適當的(de)壓(ya)緊(jin)。若(ruo)潤滑不良,或壓(ya)得過緊(jin)都會使(shi)油膜(mo)中斷,造(zao)成(cheng)填(tian)料(liao)與(yu)軸(zhou)之間出(chu)(chu)(chu)現干摩(mo)擦,最后導致燒(shao)軸(zhou)和(he)出(chu)(chu)(chu)現嚴重磨損。
為此,需要經常對填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)壓(ya)緊程度(du)進行(xing)調整(zheng),以便填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)中的(de)潤滑劑(ji)在(zai)運行(xing)一段時間流失之后(hou),再擠(ji)出一些潤滑劑(ji),同時補償填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)因體積變(bian)化所(suo)(suo)造(zao)成的(de)壓(ya)緊力松弛。顯然,這樣經常擠(ji)壓(ya)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao),最終將使浸漬劑(ji)枯竭,所(suo)(suo)以定期(qi)更換填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)是必(bi)(bi)要的(de)。此外,為了維持液膜和(he)帶(dai)走摩擦熱,有意讓填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)處有少量泄(xie)漏也是必(bi)(bi)要的(de)。