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發布(bu)時間:2021-12-31 11:57:12 人氣:110013 來(lai)源:
離心泵屬于葉片式泵中的一種,它主要由葉輪、吸入室、壓出室、密封裝置等組成。離心泵軸端密封形式主要有填料密封、定襄機械密封、浮(fu)動環密封和迷宮(gong)密封。
填料密封
它由填(tian)(tian)料(liao)壓蓋、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)、水封環、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)箱等組(zu)成(cheng)(cheng),是目(mu)前普通離(li)心(xin)泵(beng)最常采用的(de)一種軸(zhou)封。離(li)心(xin)泵(beng)工(gong)作(zuo)時,壓蓋將填(tian)(tian)料(liao)壓緊(jin),使(shi)泄(xie)漏量(liang)減小(xiao),從(cong)(cong)而(er)達(da)到密封的(de)目(mu)的(de)。壓蓋不能過松或過緊(jin),過緊(jin)則造(zao)成(cheng)(cheng)軸(zhou)套與填(tian)(tian)料(liao)表(biao)面摩擦加大(da),溫度(du)迅速升高,嚴重(zhong)時可導致軸(zhou)套和填(tian)(tian)料(liao)燒壞;過松則泄(xie)漏量(liang)加大(da),離(li)心(xin)泵(beng)效率下降。壓緊(jin)程度(du)應使(shi)液體從(cong)(cong)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)箱漏出(chu)少量(liang)液滴為宜。
填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)箱中(zhong)裝有水(shui)封(feng)環,通過水(shui)封(feng)環引(yin)入潔凈水(shui),使其(qi)在(zai)軸(zhou)上形成(cheng)水(shui)環進(jin)行密(mi)(mi)封(feng),以防止(zhi)空氣漏人泵(beng)內(nei)或泵(beng)內(nei)壓(ya)力水(shui)漏出泵(beng)外,密(mi)(mi)封(feng)水(shui)在(zai)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)與軸(zhou)之間,同(tong)時亦起冷卻與潤滑作用(yong)(yong)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)常采用(yong)(yong)石(shi)墨油浸石(shi)棉(mian)繩或石(shi)墨油浸含銅、鋁等金屬絲的石(shi)棉(mian)繩,高壓(ya)泵(beng)采用(yong)(yong)聚四氟乙烯效果好。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)具有結構簡單、工(gong)作可靠(kao)造價低等優點;但使用(yong)(yong)壽命短,軸(zhou)套易(yi)磨(mo)損,且造成(cheng)介(jie)質泄漏損失,一(yi)般用(yong)(yong)于中(zhong)低壓(ya)水(shui)泵(beng)上。
它主(zhu)要由動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)、靜環(huan)(huan)、彈簧(huang)、密(mi)(mi)(mi)封環(huan)(huan)等組成。動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)用定(ding)位螺栓銷定(ding)在(zai)轉軸上(shang)(shang),與軸一(yi)起轉動(dong)(dong);靜環(huan)(huan)使用防轉銷固定(ding)在(zai)泵體上(shang)(shang),靜止不動(dong)(dong)。動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)在(zai)液體壓力及彈簧(huang)力的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用下與靜環(huan)(huan)的(de)端(duan)面(mian)保(bao)持(chi)均勻(yun)、緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)接觸,從(cong)而實現密(mi)(mi)(mi)封。為了保(bao)證(zheng)動(dong)(dong)、靜環(huan)(huan)的(de)正常工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo),在(zai)兩環(huan)(huan)的(de)端(duan)面(mian)間需要保(bao)持(chi)一(yi)層(ceng)極薄的(de)水膜(mo),起冷卻和潤(run)滑的(de)作(zuo)(zuo)用。
為防止軸間泄漏,設有動環密封圈;為防止靜環與泵體間的泄漏,設有靜環密封圈。定襄機械密封具有摩擦功耗小、泄漏量小、密封效果好、密封壓力高、使用壽命長等優點,在近代高溫高壓、高轉速的水泵上得到廣泛應用。定襄機械密封缺點是(shi)結構復(fu)雜,端面(mian)加(jia)工精(jing)度(du)要求極高(gao),價格昂貴,且安裝技術要求高(gao),另一方(fang)面(mian)對介質(zhi)清潔度(du)要求較高(gao)。
浮動環密封
它主要由浮動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、彈簧(huang)等組成。浮動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)是以(yi)浮動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)端(duan)面(mian)在液(ye)(ye)體壓力及彈簧(huang)力的(de)作用下(xia)保持緊密(mi)接觸來(lai)實現密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de);同時又(you)以(yi)浮動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內圓表面(mian)與軸套(tao)外表面(mian)所形成的(de)微(wei)小間隙(xi)對(dui)液(ye)(ye)體產生(sheng)節流來(lai)達到軸向(xiang)(xiang)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)。液(ye)(ye)體的(de)支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)力使浮動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)沿支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)密(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)端(duan)面(mian)徑(jing)向(xiang)(xiang)自由浮動(dong),并(bing)自動(dong)調整環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)心,當浮動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與軸同心時,液(ye)(ye)體支(zhi)(zhi)(zhi)撐(cheng)(cheng)力平衡(heng),浮動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)不在浮動(dong)。
為了提高密封效果減小泄漏,在浮動環和軸套間通有密封冷卻水,密封液體的壓力略高于被密封液體的壓力。浮動環密封相對于定襄機械密封,結構簡單,運行(xing)(xing)中無軸向(xiang)碰撞問題,運行(xing)(xing)可靠、密(mi)封效果(guo)好;其(qi)缺點是軸向(xiang)尺寸較(jiao)長,對具有短而粗的軸的大容(rong)量機組水泵應用較(jiao)少(shao)。
迷宮式密封
它是一種非接觸型的流體動力(li)密封,其機理是利用流體流過(guo)的轉子與靜子間的微小間隙產生的節(jie)流降壓效應來實現密封。
迷(mi)(mi)宮式(shi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)有(you)(you)多(duo)種不同型(xing)式(shi),金(jin)屬迷(mi)(mi)宮密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)與(yu)靜子固接的(de)(de)(de)金(jin)屬密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)片在轉(zhuan)軸間(jian)形成多(duo)級突擴-突縮的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙,對軸向(xiang)(xiang)泄漏(lou)流體(ti)實施(shi)多(duo)級降壓(ya)、節流,從(cong)而實現密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng);螺旋迷(mi)(mi)宮式(shi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)在轉(zhuan)軸表面上車有(you)(you)與(yu)液體(ti)泄漏(lou)方向(xiang)(xiang)相反(fan)的(de)(de)(de)螺旋溝槽,溝槽中注有(you)(you)略高于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)腔室壓(ya)力的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)水,軸轉(zhuan)動時(shi)(shi),螺旋溝槽內的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)水沿(yan)軸向(xiang)(xiang)螺旋前進(jin),阻止泵內液體(ti)的(de)(de)(de)外泄。迷(mi)(mi)宮式(shi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)在工作時(shi)(shi)動、靜部件無(wu)接觸、無(wu)磨(mo)損,使用壽命長,在大容量給(gei)水泵上應用廣泛。