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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人(ren)氣:98734 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數洞頭機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,洞頭機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。洞頭機械密封端面(mian)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)的工(gong)況一般(ban)分為:流(liu)體(ti)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)、混合摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)和邊界摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)三類,但不能長時(shi)間干(gan)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)。干(gan)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)狀態時(shi),兩端面(mian)間的固體(ti)表面(mian)微凸體(ti)將直接接觸而引(yin)起劇烈的磨損。磨損時(shi)一方面(mian)會使摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)表面(mian)物質喪(sang)失或遷(qian)移,導致表面(mian)損壞(huai);另一方面(mian)會產(chan)生大量的摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)熱直至燒毀密(mi)封。在無流(liu)體(ti)介質的工(gong)況下,如何減(jian)少磨損降低摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)熱,那就要依(yi)靠干(gan)磨密(mi)封了。
干(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一種,常(chang)用(yong)材(cai)質(zhi)為耐磨(mo)碳精,結構包括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內有環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)槽(cao)(cao),槽(cao)(cao)內至(zhi)少裝(zhuang)有二個(ge)截面(mian)為矩形(xing)的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內徑與環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)之(zhi)間有0.01-0.04的(de)間隙,軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)外(wai)表面(mian)涂(tu)有耐磨(mo)涂(tu)層(ceng),涂(tu)層(ceng)材(cai)料(liao)一般為三氧化(hua)二鋁或(huo)三氧化(hua)二鉻。干(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有時需要(yao)(yao)增加隔離氣,通常(chang)使用(yong)氮氣,氮氣耗(hao)量能控制在(zai)25-40。主要(yao)(yao)應用(yong)于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有毒介(jie)質(zhi),由于(yu)操作(zuo)維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不需要(yao)(yao)復(fu)雜的(de)潤滑冷卻(que)系統,可(ke)以干(gan)運行(xing),得到廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)應用(yong)。干(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括(kuo)有外(wai)罩(zhao)及架設(she)于(yu)外(wai)罩(zhao)上且可(ke)呈相對(dui)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)及貼合的(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與外(wai)罩(zhao)固定連(lian)接,靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上分(fen)開設(she)有供旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)(zhou)安裝(zhuang)的(de)通孔,且動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)端面(mian)分(fen)別為動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外(wai)罩(zhao)上設(she)有促使動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)彈(dan)性抵壓件。除了要(yao)(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平(ping)行(xing)之(zhi)外(wai),主要(yao)(yao)是摩擦副的(de)材(cai)料(liao)問題。
摩擦材(cai)料(liao)應具備下(xia)列條件:
(1)機(ji)械強度高,能(neng)耐壓(ya)和(he)耐壓(ya)力變形;
(2)具有耐干磨性(xing),耐高載荷(he)性(xing),自潤滑性(xing)好;
(3)配對材料的(de)磨(mo)合性好,無過大的(de)磨(mo)損和(he)對偶腐蝕;
(4)耐(nai)磨性(xing)好,摩擦材料雖然是易(yi)損件,起(qi)到保護制動或傳動裝(zhuang)置的作(zuo)用(yong),但(dan)要求具有一定的耐(nai)磨性(xing),使(shi)用(yong)壽(shou)命盡量要長,刮傷、腐蝕(shi)和粘(zhan)附對偶,都(dou)會(hui)造成制動或傳動的震動和不穩定;
(5)導(dao)(dao)熱(re)性(xing)和(he)散(san)熱(re)性(xing)好,導(dao)(dao)熱(re)性(xing)是傳導(dao)(dao)熱(re)量的能力(li)大(da)小,即包(bao)括吸熱(re),也包(bao)括散(san)熱(re),所以,導(dao)(dao)熱(re)性(xing)好的必然散(san)熱(re)性(xing)也好;
(6)抗熱(re)裂(lie)性好,根本解決抗熱(re)裂(lie)性問題(ti)可能需要改變封孔方法;
(7)耐腐(fu)蝕性強,一(yi)些有色金(jin)屬合金(jin)能將良好的摩擦學(xue)特性與有些流體的耐腐(fu)蝕性結(jie)合;
(8)線膨(peng)脹系數(shu)小,熱膨(peng)脹會造成摩(mo)擦(ca)材料與摩(mo)擦(ca)對偶之間(jian)的間(jian)隙過小,發生拖摩(mo),損毀制動(dong)、傳動(dong)裝置。