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發(fa)布時間:2021-12-20 14:58:59 人氣(qi):100338 來源:
洞頭機械密封是一種依靠彈性元件對(dui)動、靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)端(duan)面密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)副的預緊和(he)(he)介質(zhi)壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力與彈性元件壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力的壓(ya)(ya)(ya)緊而達(da)到密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的軸(zhou)向端(duan)面密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)裝置。動環(huan)(huan)(huan)和(he)(he)靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)的端(duan)面組成一對(dui)摩擦副,動環(huan)(huan)(huan)靠密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)室中液(ye)(ye)體的壓(ya)(ya)(ya)力使其端(duan)面壓(ya)(ya)(ya)緊在靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)端(duan)面上,并在兩(liang)環(huan)(huan)(huan)端(duan)面上產(chan)生適當(dang)的比壓(ya)(ya)(ya)和(he)(he)保持一層極薄的液(ye)(ye)體膜而達(da)到密封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的目的。
常用洞頭機械密封結構由靜(jing)(jing)止環(huan)(靜(jing)(jing)環(huan))、旋轉環(huan)(動環(huan))、彈性(xing)元(yuan)件、彈簧座、固緊件、旋轉環(huan)輔助密封(feng)圈(quan)和靜(jing)(jing)止環(huan)輔助密封(feng)圈(quan)等(deng)元(yuan)件組成(cheng),防(fang)轉銷固定(ding)在壓(ya)蓋(gai)上以防(fang)止靜(jing)(jing)止環(huan)轉動。這些元(yuan)件都有哪些作用呢?
(1)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、靜(jing)(jing)環(huan):保持(chi)緊密貼合(he)組成(cheng)密封面(mian)防止介質泄漏。要求動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)、靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)具有(you)良好的耐磨(mo)(mo)性動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)可(ke)以軸向(xiang)移動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong),自動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)補償密封面(mian)磨(mo)(mo)損,使(shi)之(zhi)與靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)良好地貼合(he),靜(jing)(jing)環(huan)有(you)浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)性,起緩沖作用。
(2)彈性元件(彈簧、波紋板、蛇形套等):主要作用是對密封端面產生一定的預緊壓力,使端面在啟動、停車和介質壓力波動時能保持良好的接合。同時用來克服輔助密封圈與軸之間的摩擦力,使補償環沿軸向移動,以補償端面磨損后形成的間隙。此外,還可對軸的跳動等引起的振動起一定的緩沖作用。用的彈性元件有圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧、波形片彈簧、蝶形彈簧和波紋管。其中圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧使用廣。波形彈簧和蝶形彈簧具有軸向尺寸小,剛度大,結構緊湊的優點,但軸向位移和彈簧力較小,一般適用于軸向尺寸要求很緊湊的輕型洞頭機械密封。波形管常用于高(gao)溫、低溫、強腐蝕等特殊條件。
(3)輔(fu)助(zhu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(0形環(huan)、V形環(huan)、楔形環(huan)及其他異(yi)形密(mi)(mi)封(feng)環(huan)):主要起到(dao)靜環(huan)和動(dong)(dong)環(huan)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)作用(yong),同時也起到(dao)浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)性(xing)和緩沖(chong)的(de)(de)作用(yong)。要求靜環(huan)的(de)(de)輔(fu)助(zhu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)元件保(bao)證靜環(huan)與壓(ya)蓋之(zhi)間的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)性(xing),使靜環(huan)有一定的(de)(de)浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)性(xing),動(dong)(dong)環(huan)的(de)(de)輔(fu)助(zhu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)元件保(bao)證動(dong)(dong)環(huan)與軸(zhou)或(huo)軸(zhou)套之(zhi)間的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng).材料要求耐熱(re)、耐寒方面與介(jie)質接近。
(4)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)件:傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)件包括傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)銷(xiao)、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)環、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)座(zuo)、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)套、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)鍵、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)突(tu)耳(er)或牙嵌式聯接器,其作用是將軸(zhou)的轉矩傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)給動(dong)(dong)環,材料要求(qiu)耐腐蝕和(he)耐磨損。
(5)固緊件:包括緊定螺釘(ding)、彈(dan)簧(huang)座、壓(ya)蓋、組裝(zhuang)套(tao)、軸(zhou)套(tao)。起著靜、動(dong)環的(de)定位、固緊作用(yong)。要求(qiu)(qiu)定位正確(que),保證(zheng)摩擦副密封(feng)(feng)(feng)面處(chu)于(yu)正確(que)的(de)位置,并且保持良好貼合的(de)彈(dan)簧(huang)比壓(ya),同(tong)時(shi)(shi)要求(qiu)(qiu)拆裝(zhuang)方便,容易就位,能重復使(shi)用(yong),與輔(fu)助(zhu)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)配(pei)合處(chu)應注意安裝(zhuang)密封(feng)(feng)(feng)環的(de)倒角(jiao)和壓(ya)彈(dan)量,特別注意動(dong)環密封(feng)(feng)(feng)圈與軸(zhou)套(tao)配(pei)合處(chu)要求(qiu)(qiu)耐腐蝕和耐磨損,必(bi)要時(shi)(shi)采(cai)用(yong)硬面復層(ceng)。
介紹完了洞頭機械密封的基本元件,接下來看看密封失效都會發生在哪些元件處。洞頭機械密封的(de)泄漏點基本上都表現在6處:①動(dong)(dong)、靜環(huan)端面處;②靜環(huan)與靜環(huan)盒(he)的(de)輔助(zhu)密(mi)封(feng)處;③靜環(huan)壓蓋與離心泵(beng)泵(beng)體之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)密(mi)封(feng)處;④動(dong)(dong)環(huan)鑲嵌(qian)結構配合(he)處;⑤軸套(tao)與泵(beng)軸之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)密(mi)封(feng)處;⑥動(dong)(dong)環(huan)與軸套(tao)的(de)輔助(zhu)密(mi)封(feng)處。
注意:⑤和(he)⑥只有在(zai)安裝軸套時才存在(zai)。