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發布時(shi)間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:134794 來(lai)源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)改集(ji)式密(mi)封是指通過預緊(jin)或(huo)介(jie)質壓力(li)的自緊(jin)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)與(yu)轉動(dong)件(jian)及固(gu)定件(jian)之間產生壓緊(jin)力(li)的動(dong)密(mi)封裝置(zhi)。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)函密(mi)封”。結(jie)(jie)構(gou)形式較多,主要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)和(he)(he)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固(gu)定件(jian)組成。常用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)的填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)有(you)石(shi)棉織物(wu)、碳纖(xian)維、橡膠、柔(rou)性石(shi)墨和(he)(he)工程塑料(liao)(liao)等(deng)(deng),預制成環(huan)狀或(huo)條狀(有(you)的需預先浸(jin)漬(zi)潤滑性好(hao)的填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充(chong)物(wu)),并采用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)多環(huan)或(huo)螺旋狀多層(ceng)結(jie)(jie)構(gou)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)以安置(zhi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)固(gu)定件(jian)包括壓蓋、螺栓和(he)(he)彈簧等(deng)(deng),用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)預緊(jin),工作(zuo)時阻(zu)止介(jie)質外漏,彈簧可起(qi)補(bu)償(chang)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)(yong)(yong)。
填料裝入填料腔(qiang)以后,經壓(ya)(ya)蓋螺絲對它作軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向(xiang)壓(ya)(ya)縮,當軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)(yu)填料有相對運(yun)動時,由于填料的(de)(de)(de)塑性,使它產生徑(jing)向(xiang)力(li),并(bing)與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)緊密(mi)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)。與(yu)(yu)此(ci)同時,填料中浸(jin)漬的(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)劑被擠出,在接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)面之間(jian)形成油膜(mo)。由于接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)狀態并(bing)不是(shi)特別均勻(yun)的(de)(de)(de),接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部(bu)(bu)位便出現“邊界潤滑(hua)”狀態,稱為“軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效應(ying)(ying)”;而未(wei)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)的(de)(de)(de)凹(ao)部(bu)(bu)形成小油槽,有較厚的(de)(de)(de)油膜(mo),接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部(bu)(bu)位與(yu)(yu)非接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部(bu)(bu)位組成一道不規則的(de)(de)(de)迷宮,起阻止液流泄(xie)漏的(de)(de)(de)作用,此(ci)稱“迷宮效應(ying)(ying)”。這就是(shi)填料密(mi)封的(de)(de)(de)機理(li)。顯(xian)然,良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封在于維持“軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效應(ying)(ying)”和“迷宮效應(ying)(ying)”。也就是(shi)說,要(yao)保持良(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)和適當的(de)(de)(de)壓(ya)(ya)緊。若潤滑(hua)不良(liang),或壓(ya)(ya)得(de)過(guo)緊都會(hui)使油膜(mo)中斷(duan),造成填料與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之間(jian)出現干(gan)摩(mo)擦,最后導(dao)致燒軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和出現嚴重磨損。
為(wei)此(ci),需要經(jing)常(chang)對填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的壓(ya)緊程(cheng)度(du)進行(xing)調整,以(yi)便(bian)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)中的潤滑劑(ji)在(zai)運行(xing)一(yi)段時間流(liu)失(shi)之后,再擠出一(yi)些潤滑劑(ji),同時補償填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)因體積變化(hua)所造成的壓(ya)緊力松弛。顯然,這樣經(jing)常(chang)擠壓(ya)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao),最終將使浸漬劑(ji)枯竭,所以(yi)定(ding)期更(geng)換填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)必要的。此(ci)外,為(wei)了維持液膜和(he)帶走摩擦熱,有意(yi)讓填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)處有少量泄漏也(ye)是(shi)必要的。