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發布時(shi)間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:98701 來源(yuan):
在使用過程中,大多數額敏機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,額敏機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。額敏機械密封端面(mian)(mian)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)的(de)工況(kuang)一(yi)(yi)般分(fen)為(wei):流體(ti)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)、混合摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)和邊界摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)三類,但不能(neng)長時間干(gan)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)。干(gan)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)狀態時,兩(liang)端面(mian)(mian)間的(de)固(gu)體(ti)表面(mian)(mian)微凸體(ti)將直(zhi)接接觸而引起劇烈的(de)磨(mo)損(sun)。磨(mo)損(sun)時一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)會使摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)表面(mian)(mian)物質喪失或遷移,導致表面(mian)(mian)損(sun)壞(huai);另一(yi)(yi)方(fang)面(mian)(mian)會產生大量的(de)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)熱直(zhi)至燒毀密封。在無流體(ti)介質的(de)工況(kuang)下(xia),如何減少磨(mo)損(sun)降低摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)(ca)熱,那就要(yao)依靠干(gan)磨(mo)密封了(le)。
干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)(yu)浮(fu)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong),常用(yong)(yong)材(cai)(cai)質為(wei)耐磨碳精,結構包括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)和環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸套(tao)(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)內有(you)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)槽,槽內至(zhi)少裝有(you)二個截面為(wei)矩形的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)內徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸套(tao)(tao)之間(jian)有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)間(jian)隙,軸套(tao)(tao)外表(biao)面涂有(you)耐磨涂層(ceng),涂層(ceng)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)一般為(wei)三氧化二鋁或(huo)三氧化二鉻。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時需要增加(jia)隔(ge)離氣,通(tong)常使用(yong)(yong)氮氣,氮氣耗量(liang)能控制在25-40。主要應用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易(yi)燃有(you)毒介質,由(you)于(yu)(yu)操作維(wei)修簡單(dan),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好,不(bu)需要復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)潤滑冷卻系統(tong),可(ke)以干運行(xing)(xing),得到廣(guang)泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)應用(yong)(yong)。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括(kuo)有(you)外罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)及(ji)(ji)架設于(yu)(yu)外罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)上(shang)且可(ke)呈相(xiang)對(dui)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)及(ji)(ji)貼合的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)外罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)固定連接,靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)上(shang)分(fen)開設有(you)供(gong)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)軸安裝的(de)(de)(de)通(tong)孔(kong),且動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)(de)(de)端面分(fen)別(bie)為(wei)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面及(ji)(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面,外罩(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)(zhao)上(shang)設有(you)促使動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)(de)(de)彈性(xing)抵壓件(jian)。除了要保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面平行(xing)(xing)之外,主要是摩(mo)擦(ca)副(fu)的(de)(de)(de)材(cai)(cai)料(liao)問題。
摩(mo)擦材(cai)料應具(ju)備下列條(tiao)件(jian):
(1)機(ji)械強(qiang)度高,能耐(nai)壓和耐(nai)壓力變形(xing);
(2)具有耐干(gan)磨(mo)性,耐高(gao)載荷性,自潤(run)滑性好;
(3)配對(dui)材料的(de)磨合性好(hao),無過大的(de)磨損和對(dui)偶腐(fu)蝕(shi);
(4)耐磨性好,摩(mo)擦材料雖然是易損件,起(qi)到(dao)保護制動或(huo)傳動裝置(zhi)的作用(yong),但要求具有(you)一定的耐磨性,使用(yong)壽(shou)命盡量(liang)要長(chang),刮傷、腐蝕和粘(zhan)附對偶,都(dou)會造成制動或(huo)傳動的震動和不穩定;
(5)導熱性(xing)和散熱性(xing)好(hao),導熱性(xing)是(shi)傳(chuan)導熱量的能力大小,即包括(kuo)吸熱,也包括(kuo)散熱,所以,導熱性(xing)好(hao)的必然散熱性(xing)也好(hao);
(6)抗(kang)熱裂性好,根本(ben)解(jie)決抗(kang)熱裂性問題可(ke)能需要(yao)改變封孔方法;
(7)耐腐蝕性(xing)強,一些有色金(jin)屬(shu)合金(jin)能將良好的摩擦學(xue)特性(xing)與有些流體(ti)的耐腐蝕性(xing)結合;
(8)線膨脹系(xi)數小,熱膨脹會造成摩(mo)擦(ca)材料與(yu)摩(mo)擦(ca)對偶之間(jian)的間(jian)隙過小,發生拖摩(mo),損毀制動(dong)、傳(chuan)動(dong)裝(zhuang)置。