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方山干磨密封解決了摩擦熱過高的問題

發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:94587 來源:

  在使用過程中,大多數方山機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,方山機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。方山機械密封端面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)摩(mo)擦的工況一般分為:流(liu)體(ti)摩(mo)擦、混合摩(mo)擦和邊界摩(mo)擦三類,但(dan)不能長時間(jian)干摩(mo)擦。干摩(mo)擦狀(zhuang)態時,兩端面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)間(jian)的固(gu)體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)微凸體(ti)將直接接觸而引起劇烈的磨損(sun)。磨損(sun)時一方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)會使摩(mo)擦表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)物質喪失或遷(qian)移,導致表(biao)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)損(sun)壞(huai);另一方(fang)面(mian)(mian)(mian)(mian)會產(chan)生大量的摩(mo)擦熱直至燒毀密(mi)封(feng)。在無流(liu)體(ti)介質的工況下,如何減少磨損(sun)降低摩(mo)擦熱,那(nei)就(jiu)要依(yi)靠干磨密(mi)封(feng)了。


  干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)(yu)浮動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一種(zhong),常用材(cai)質為耐磨(mo)(mo)碳精(jing),結構包括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內(nei)(nei)有環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行槽,槽內(nei)(nei)至少裝有二個(ge)截面為矩形(xing)的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內(nei)(nei)徑與(yu)(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)之(zhi)間有0.01-0.04的(de)間隙,軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)外(wai)表(biao)面涂(tu)(tu)有耐磨(mo)(mo)涂(tu)(tu)層,涂(tu)(tu)層材(cai)料一般(ban)為三氧化二鋁或三氧化二鉻(ge)。干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有時需要增加(jia)隔(ge)離氣(qi),通常使用氮氣(qi),氮氣(qi)耗量能(neng)控(kong)制在25-40。主要應用于(yu)(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有毒介質,由于(yu)(yu)操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好,不需要復雜的(de)潤(run)滑冷卻(que)系統,可(ke)以干運(yun)行,得到廣泛(fan)的(de)應用。干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括(kuo)有外(wai)罩(zhao)及(ji)架設于(yu)(yu)外(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)且可(ke)呈(cheng)相對旋轉(zhuan)及(ji)貼合的(de)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)外(wai)罩(zhao)固定連接(jie),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分開(kai)設有供旋轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)(zhou)安(an)裝的(de)通孔,且動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合的(de)端面分別為動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面及(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面,外(wai)罩(zhao)上(shang)設有促使動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)彈性(xing)抵壓(ya)件(jian)。除(chu)了要保持(chi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面平行之(zhi)外(wai),主要是(shi)摩擦副的(de)材(cai)料問題。

41.JPG

  摩擦材料(liao)應具備下列條(tiao)件(jian):


  (1)機械強度(du)高,能耐壓和耐壓力變形;


  (2)具有耐(nai)干磨性(xing),耐(nai)高載荷性(xing),自潤滑性(xing)好;


  (3)配對材(cai)料的(de)磨合性好(hao),無(wu)過大的(de)磨損和(he)對偶腐蝕(shi);


  (4)耐磨(mo)性(xing)好,摩擦材(cai)料(liao)雖然(ran)是易損件,起到保(bao)護制(zhi)動(dong)或傳(chuan)動(dong)裝置(zhi)的作用(yong),但(dan)要求具有一定的耐磨(mo)性(xing),使(shi)用(yong)壽命盡量要長,刮傷、腐蝕和(he)粘附對偶,都會造成制(zhi)動(dong)或傳(chuan)動(dong)的震(zhen)動(dong)和(he)不穩定;


  (5)導熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)和散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)好(hao),導熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)是傳導熱(re)(re)(re)量的能力(li)大(da)小(xiao),即包括吸(xi)熱(re)(re)(re),也包括散(san)熱(re)(re)(re),所以(yi),導熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)好(hao)的必然散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)也好(hao);


  (6)抗(kang)熱裂性(xing)好,根本解決抗(kang)熱裂性(xing)問題(ti)可能需要(yao)改變封孔方法;


  (7)耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)(xing)強,一些有(you)色金屬合(he)(he)金能將(jiang)良(liang)好的摩擦學特性(xing)(xing)與有(you)些流體的耐(nai)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)(xing)結合(he)(he);


  (8)線膨脹(zhang)系(xi)數小(xiao),熱膨脹(zhang)會造(zao)成(cheng)摩(mo)擦材料與摩(mo)擦對偶(ou)之間的(de)間隙過小(xiao),發生拖摩(mo),損(sun)毀制動、傳動裝置。