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發布時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:128240 來源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改集式密(mi)(mi)封(feng)是指通(tong)過預(yu)(yu)緊(jin)(jin)或介(jie)質壓力(li)的自緊(jin)(jin)作(zuo)用使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與轉(zhuan)動件(jian)(jian)(jian)及固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)(jian)(jian)之間(jian)產生壓緊(jin)(jin)力(li)的動密(mi)(mi)封(feng)裝(zhuang)置。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函(han)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)”。結構(gou)形(xing)式較(jiao)多(duo),主要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)和(he)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)(jian)(jian)組成。常用的填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有石(shi)棉織物、碳(tan)纖維、橡膠(jiao)、柔性石(shi)墨(mo)和(he)工程塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等(deng),預(yu)(yu)制成環(huan)狀或條狀(有的需(xu)預(yu)(yu)先浸漬潤滑性好的填(tian)(tian)(tian)充物),并采用多(duo)環(huan)或螺旋狀多(duo)層(ceng)結構(gou)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)用以安(an)置填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)(jian)(jian)包括壓蓋、螺栓和(he)彈簧(huang)等(deng),用以使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)預(yu)(yu)緊(jin)(jin),工作(zuo)時阻(zu)止介(jie)質外漏,彈簧(huang)可起補償作(zuo)用。
填(tian)(tian)料裝入(ru)填(tian)(tian)料腔以(yi)后,經壓蓋螺絲對它(ta)作軸(zhou)(zhou)向壓縮,當軸(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)(yu)填(tian)(tian)料有(you)相對運動時,由(you)于填(tian)(tian)料的(de)(de)(de)塑性,使(shi)它(ta)產生徑(jing)向力,并(bing)與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)緊(jin)密(mi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)。與(yu)(yu)此同時,填(tian)(tian)料中(zhong)浸漬(zi)的(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)(hua)劑被擠出(chu),在(zai)(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)面之間形成油(you)膜(mo)。由(you)于接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態并(bing)不(bu)是特別均勻的(de)(de)(de),接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位便(bian)出(chu)現(xian)“邊界潤滑(hua)(hua)”狀(zhuang)(zhuang)態,稱為“軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效應(ying)”;而未接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)的(de)(de)(de)凹部形成小油(you)槽,有(you)較厚(hou)的(de)(de)(de)油(you)膜(mo),接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位與(yu)(yu)非接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位組(zu)成一道不(bu)規則的(de)(de)(de)迷(mi)(mi)宮,起阻止液流泄漏(lou)的(de)(de)(de)作用(yong),此稱“迷(mi)(mi)宮效應(ying)”。這(zhe)就(jiu)是填(tian)(tian)料密(mi)封(feng)的(de)(de)(de)機(ji)理。顯(xian)然(ran),良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封(feng)在(zai)(zai)于維(wei)持“軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效應(ying)”和(he)“迷(mi)(mi)宮效應(ying)”。也(ye)就(jiu)是說(shuo),要(yao)保持良(liang)好的(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)(hua)和(he)適當的(de)(de)(de)壓緊(jin)。若潤滑(hua)(hua)不(bu)良(liang),或壓得過緊(jin)都會(hui)使(shi)油(you)膜(mo)中(zhong)斷,造成填(tian)(tian)料與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)之間出(chu)現(xian)干(gan)摩擦(ca),最后導致燒(shao)軸(zhou)(zhou)和(he)出(chu)現(xian)嚴重磨損。
為(wei)此(ci),需(xu)要經常對填料的壓(ya)緊程度進行調整,以便填料中(zhong)的潤(run)滑(hua)劑(ji)在運(yun)行一(yi)(yi)段時(shi)間流失(shi)之后,再擠(ji)出一(yi)(yi)些潤(run)滑(hua)劑(ji),同(tong)時(shi)補償填料因體積變(bian)化所(suo)(suo)造成(cheng)的壓(ya)緊力松(song)弛。顯然,這樣(yang)經常擠(ji)壓(ya)填料,最終將使浸漬劑(ji)枯(ku)竭,所(suo)(suo)以定期更(geng)換填料是(shi)必要的。此(ci)外(wai),為(wei)了維持(chi)液膜(mo)和帶走摩(mo)擦熱,有意讓填料處(chu)有少量泄漏也(ye)是(shi)必要的。