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發布(bu)時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣(qi):94775 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數鳳翔機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,鳳翔機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。鳳翔機械密封端面(mian)(mian)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)的(de)(de)(de)工況一般分為:流(liu)體(ti)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)、混合摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)和邊界摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)三類,但(dan)不(bu)能長(chang)時間(jian)干(gan)(gan)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)。干(gan)(gan)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)狀態(tai)時,兩端面(mian)(mian)間(jian)的(de)(de)(de)固體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)微(wei)凸(tu)體(ti)將(jiang)直接接觸而引起劇烈的(de)(de)(de)磨(mo)損。磨(mo)損時一方面(mian)(mian)會(hui)使摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)物質(zhi)喪失或遷移,導致表(biao)面(mian)(mian)損壞;另一方面(mian)(mian)會(hui)產生大量的(de)(de)(de)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)熱直至燒毀密封(feng)。在無流(liu)體(ti)介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)(de)(de)工況下,如(ru)何減少磨(mo)損降低摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)熱,那(nei)就(jiu)要依靠干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密封(feng)了(le)。
干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)(yu)浮動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的一(yi)(yi)種,常用(yong)材質(zhi)為(wei)耐磨(mo)(mo)碳精,結(jie)構包括環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)和環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)內(nei)(nei)有(you)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)槽,槽內(nei)(nei)至少裝有(you)二(er)個截面(mian)為(wei)矩形的環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)的內(nei)(nei)徑與環(huan)(huan)行(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套之(zhi)間(jian)(jian)有(you)0.01-0.04的間(jian)(jian)隙,軸(zhou)套外(wai)表面(mian)涂有(you)耐磨(mo)(mo)涂層,涂層材料(liao)(liao)一(yi)(yi)般為(wei)三氧(yang)化(hua)二(er)鋁或(huo)三氧(yang)化(hua)二(er)鉻(ge)。干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時(shi)需要增加隔(ge)離氣(qi),通常使(shi)用(yong)氮氣(qi),氮氣(qi)耗量能控制在(zai)25-40。主要應用(yong)于(yu)(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易(yi)燃有(you)毒介(jie)質(zhi),由(you)于(yu)(yu)操作維修簡(jian)單(dan),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好,不(bu)需要復雜的潤滑冷(leng)卻(que)系統,可以干(gan)運行(xing)(xing),得到廣(guang)泛(fan)的應用(yong)。干(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)外(wai)罩及(ji)(ji)(ji)架設于(yu)(yu)外(wai)罩上(shang)(shang)且(qie)可呈相對旋(xuan)轉及(ji)(ji)(ji)貼(tie)合(he)(he)的動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與外(wai)罩固(gu)定連接,靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及(ji)(ji)(ji)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)上(shang)(shang)分(fen)開(kai)設有(you)供(gong)旋(xuan)轉軸(zhou)安裝的通孔,且(qie)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)貼(tie)合(he)(he)的端面(mian)分(fen)別為(wei)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及(ji)(ji)(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外(wai)罩上(shang)(shang)設有(you)促使(shi)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合(he)(he)的彈(dan)性(xing)抵壓件。除了要保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平(ping)行(xing)(xing)之(zhi)外(wai),主要是摩擦副的材料(liao)(liao)問題。
摩(mo)擦材料應具(ju)備下列條件:
(1)機械強度高,能耐壓(ya)和耐壓(ya)力變形;
(2)具有耐(nai)干磨(mo)性,耐(nai)高(gao)載荷性,自潤滑性好;
(3)配對(dui)材料的磨合性(xing)好,無過大的磨損和對(dui)偶腐蝕;
(4)耐(nai)磨(mo)性(xing)(xing)好,摩擦(ca)材料雖然是易(yi)損(sun)件(jian),起到(dao)保護制(zhi)動或傳動裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)(de)作用(yong),但要求具有一定的(de)(de)耐(nai)磨(mo)性(xing)(xing),使用(yong)壽命盡(jin)量要長,刮傷、腐蝕和粘(zhan)附對偶,都會造成制(zhi)動或傳動的(de)(de)震動和不穩定;
(5)導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和散熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao),導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)是(shi)傳(chuan)導(dao)熱(re)(re)量(liang)的能力(li)大小,即(ji)包括吸熱(re)(re),也包括散熱(re)(re),所以(yi),導(dao)熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好(hao)的必然散熱(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)也好(hao);
(6)抗熱(re)裂性好,根本解決(jue)抗熱(re)裂性問題可能需要改變封(feng)孔方法;
(7)耐(nai)(nai)腐蝕性(xing)強,一些有色金(jin)屬合金(jin)能將良好的摩擦學特性(xing)與有些流體的耐(nai)(nai)腐蝕性(xing)結合;
(8)線膨(peng)脹系數(shu)小,熱膨(peng)脹會造成摩(mo)擦材料(liao)與(yu)摩(mo)擦對偶(ou)之間(jian)的間(jian)隙(xi)過小,發生拖摩(mo),損(sun)毀制動、傳動裝置(zhi)。