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發布時間:2021-12-20 15:07:40 人氣:94918 來源:
墊圈是動環和靜環的總稱,是構成鳳翔機械密封主要的元件,很大程度上決定了鳳翔機械密封的使(shi)用(yong)(yong)性(xing)能和壽命(ming)。使(shi)用(yong)(yong)閥門時,往往根據具體情況更換原帶(dai)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)。常用(yong)(yong)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)有:橡膠平(ping)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、橡膠O形(xing)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、塑料(liao)平(ping)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、聚四氟(fu)乙烯包(bao)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、石棉橡膠墊(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、金屬(shu)(shu)平(ping)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、金屬(shu)(shu)異形(xing)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、金屬(shu)(shu)皮墊(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、波形(xing)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)、纏繞(rao)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)(quan)等。
(1)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)平墊圈:變形容易,壓(ya)緊時不費力,但耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)、耐(nai)(nai)溫(wen)能(neng)(neng)力都較(jiao)差(cha),只用(yong)(yong)于(yu)壓(ya)力低、溫(wen)度不高(gao)的地(di)方。天然橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)有一定耐(nai)(nai)酸堿性能(neng)(neng),使用(yong)(yong)溫(wen)度不宜超(chao)過60℃;氯丁橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)也能(neng)(neng)耐(nai)(nai)某些酸堿,使用(yong)(yong)溫(wen)度80℃;橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)耐(nai)(nai)油,可(ke)用(yong)(yong)至80℃;氟橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)耐(nai)(nai)腐蝕性能(neng)(neng)很好,耐(nai)(nai)溫(wen)性能(neng)(neng)也比(bi)一般(ban)橡(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)(jiao)強,可(ke)在150℃介質中使用(yong)(yong)。
(2)橡膠O形墊圈:斷面形狀是正圓,有一(yi)定(ding)的自緊作用,密(mi)封效果比(bi)平(ping)墊圈好,壓緊力更小。
(3)塑(su)(su)料平墊圈(quan):塑(su)(su)料的特點(dian)是耐(nai)(nai)腐(fu)蝕性好,大部分塑(su)(su)料耐(nai)(nai)溫性能(neng)(neng)不好。聚四氟乙(yi)烯(xi)為塑(su)(su)料,不但耐(nai)(nai)腐(fu)蝕性能(neng)(neng)優異,而且耐(nai)(nai)溫范圍比較寬闊(kuo),可在-180℃~+200℃之內長(chang)期使用。
(4)聚(ju)四(si)(si)氟乙(yi)(yi)(yi)烯(xi)包(bao)墊(dian)圈(quan):為了充分發揮聚(ju)四(si)(si)氟乙(yi)(yi)(yi)烯(xi)的優點(dian)(dian),同時彌(mi)補它彈性較(jiao)差的缺點(dian)(dian),做成(cheng)聚(ju)四(si)(si)氟乙(yi)(yi)(yi)烯(xi)包(bao)裹橡膠(jiao)或石(shi)棉橡膠(jiao)的墊(dian)圈(quan)。這樣,既同聚(ju)四(si)(si)氟乙(yi)(yi)(yi)烯(xi)平墊(dian)圈(quan)一樣耐腐(fu)蝕,又有良好的彈性,增(zeng)強密(mi)封效果,減小壓(ya)緊力(li)。
(5)石(shi)(shi)棉橡(xiang)膠墊圈:由石(shi)(shi)棉橡(xiang)膠板剪(jian)成(cheng)。它的(de)組分是60~80%的(de)石(shi)(shi)棉和10~20%的(de)橡(xiang)膠,以及填充劑、硫化(hua)劑等。它有很好的(de)耐(nai)熱性(xing)、耐(nai)冷性(xing)、化(hua)學穩(wen)定性(xing),而且貨源豐富(fu),價(jia)格便宜。使用時(shi),壓緊力不(bu)必(bi)很大。由于它能粘附金屬(shu),所以表面(mian)涂一(yi)層石(shi)(shi)墨粉,以免拆卸時(shi)費(fei)勁(jing)。
鳳翔機械密封對墊圈有哪些要求呢(ni)?
(1)需(xu)要有足夠的強度(du)(du)和(he)(he)剛(gang)度(du)(du),在工作條件下(如壓(ya)力(li)、溫度(du)(du)和(he)(he)滑動(dong)速度(du)(du)等)不損壞,變形應盡量的小(xiao),工作條件波動(dong)時仍能保持密封性。
(2)密封端面應有足夠的硬(ying)度和耐(nai)腐蝕性(xing),以保(bao)證(zheng)工(gong)作條件下(xia)有滿(man)意的使用(yong)壽命。
(3)應有良好的耐熱(re)(re)(re)沖(chong)擊(ji)能力,為此要求材料有較高(gao)的導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)系數和較小的線膨脹(zhang)系數,承受熱(re)(re)(re)沖(chong)擊(ji)時不至于(yu)開裂(lie)。
(5)應有(you)(you)較小的摩(mo)(mo)擦系數和良好的自潤(run)(run)滑性(xing),墊(dian)圈(quan)匹配應有(you)(you)較小的摩(mo)(mo)擦系數和良好的自潤(run)(run)滑性(xing),墊(dian)圈(quan)材(cai)料與密(mi)封流體還要有(you)(you)很好的浸(jin)潤(run)(run)性(xing)。工(gong)作中如發生短時間的干摩(mo)(mo)擦,不損傷(shang)密(mi)封端面(mian)。
(5)應力求簡單對稱并優先考慮用(yong)整體(ti)型(xing)結構,也可采用(yong)組合式(如鑲裝(zhuang)式)墊(dian)圈,盡量避免用(yong)密封端面噴涂式結構。
(6)墊圈要容(rong)易(yi)加工(gong)制造,安裝和維修要方便。