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發布時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:134895 來源:
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改集式密(mi)封是指(zhi)通過預(yu)緊或(huo)介(jie)質壓(ya)(ya)力的(de)自緊作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)使(shi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與(yu)轉動(dong)件(jian)(jian)及固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)(jian)之間產生壓(ya)(ya)緊力的(de)動(dong)密(mi)封裝(zhuang)置(zhi)。又稱“填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函密(mi)封”。結(jie)(jie)構形式較多(duo),主要由填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱和(he)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)(jian)組成。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)石棉織物(wu)、碳(tan)纖維、橡膠、柔性石墨和(he)工程塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等,預(yu)制成環狀或(huo)條狀(有(you)的(de)需(xu)預(yu)先(xian)浸漬潤(run)滑性好的(de)填(tian)(tian)充物(wu)),并(bing)采用(yong)(yong)多(duo)環或(huo)螺旋狀多(duo)層結(jie)(jie)構。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)(yong)以(yi)安置(zhi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)(jian)包括壓(ya)(ya)蓋、螺栓和(he)彈簧等,用(yong)(yong)以(yi)使(shi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)預(yu)緊,工作(zuo)時阻止介(jie)質外漏,彈簧可(ke)起補償作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。
填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)裝(zhuang)入填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)腔以后,經壓蓋(gai)螺絲對它作軸向(xiang)壓縮,當(dang)(dang)軸與(yu)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)有相對運動時,由于填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)塑性,使它產(chan)生徑向(xiang)力,并與(yu)軸緊(jin)密接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)。與(yu)此同時,填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)中浸漬的(de)(de)潤滑(hua)(hua)劑被擠出(chu),在(zai)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)面之間(jian)形成(cheng)油(you)膜。由于接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)狀(zhuang)態并不(bu)是特別均(jun)勻的(de)(de),接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位便出(chu)現(xian)“邊(bian)界(jie)潤滑(hua)(hua)”狀(zhuang)態,稱(cheng)為“軸承效應(ying)”;而未接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)的(de)(de)凹(ao)部形成(cheng)小油(you)槽,有較厚的(de)(de)油(you)膜,接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位與(yu)非接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位組成(cheng)一道不(bu)規(gui)則的(de)(de)迷(mi)(mi)宮(gong),起阻止(zhi)液流泄漏的(de)(de)作用,此稱(cheng)“迷(mi)(mi)宮(gong)效應(ying)”。這(zhe)就(jiu)是填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)密封(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)機理。顯然,良(liang)好的(de)(de)密封(feng)(feng)在(zai)于維持(chi)“軸承效應(ying)”和“迷(mi)(mi)宮(gong)效應(ying)”。也就(jiu)是說,要保(bao)持(chi)良(liang)好的(de)(de)潤滑(hua)(hua)和適當(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)壓緊(jin)。若(ruo)潤滑(hua)(hua)不(bu)良(liang),或(huo)壓得(de)過緊(jin)都會使油(you)膜中斷(duan),造(zao)成(cheng)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)與(yu)軸之間(jian)出(chu)現(xian)干摩擦,最后導致燒軸和出(chu)現(xian)嚴(yan)重磨(mo)損。
為此(ci),需要經(jing)(jing)常對填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)壓緊程度進行調整,以便填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)中的(de)潤滑(hua)劑在運行一(yi)段(duan)時間流失之后,再擠(ji)出一(yi)些潤滑(hua)劑,同(tong)時補償填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)因體積變(bian)化(hua)所造成的(de)壓緊力(li)松弛。顯然,這樣經(jing)(jing)常擠(ji)壓填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao),最終將使浸漬劑枯(ku)竭,所以定期更換填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)是(shi)必(bi)要的(de)。此(ci)外,為了維持液膜和帶走摩擦熱,有意讓(rang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)處有少量泄漏也是(shi)必(bi)要的(de)。