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發布(bu)時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人(ren)氣(qi):132874 來源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)改集式(shi)(shi)密封(feng)(feng)是指通過預(yu)緊(jin)或(huo)介質壓(ya)力的自緊(jin)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)與轉動(dong)件(jian)及固定件(jian)之間產生壓(ya)緊(jin)力的動(dong)密封(feng)(feng)裝置(zhi)。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)函(han)密封(feng)(feng)”。結構(gou)形(xing)式(shi)(shi)較多,主(zhu)要由(you)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)和(he)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)固定件(jian)組成(cheng)(cheng)。常用(yong)的填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)有石棉織物、碳纖維、橡膠、柔性石墨(mo)和(he)工(gong)程(cheng)塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)等(deng),預(yu)制成(cheng)(cheng)環(huan)(huan)狀或(huo)條狀(有的需預(yu)先浸漬潤滑(hua)性好的填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充物),并采(cai)用(yong)多環(huan)(huan)或(huo)螺(luo)旋狀多層結構(gou)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)用(yong)以安(an)置(zhi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)固定件(jian)包(bao)括壓(ya)蓋、螺(luo)栓和(he)彈(dan)簧(huang)等(deng),用(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)預(yu)緊(jin),工(gong)作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)時阻(zu)止介質外漏,彈(dan)簧(huang)可起補償作(zuo)(zuo)(zuo)用(yong)。
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)裝(zhuang)入填(tian)(tian)料(liao)腔以(yi)后(hou),經壓(ya)蓋螺絲(si)對它作軸向壓(ya)縮,當(dang)(dang)軸與(yu)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)有相對運動時,由(you)于填(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)塑性,使它產(chan)生徑向力,并與(yu)軸緊密(mi)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)。與(yu)此同時,填(tian)(tian)料(liao)中浸漬的(de)(de)潤滑(hua)劑(ji)被擠出(chu)(chu)(chu),在(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)面(mian)之間形(xing)成油膜(mo)。由(you)于接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)狀態并不(bu)是特(te)別(bie)均勻(yun)的(de)(de),接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部位(wei)便出(chu)(chu)(chu)現“邊界(jie)潤滑(hua)”狀態,稱(cheng)為“軸承效應”;而未接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)凹部形(xing)成小油槽,有較(jiao)厚的(de)(de)油膜(mo),接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部位(wei)與(yu)非接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部位(wei)組成一道不(bu)規則的(de)(de)迷(mi)宮,起阻止液流泄漏的(de)(de)作用,此稱(cheng)“迷(mi)宮效應”。這就(jiu)(jiu)是填(tian)(tian)料(liao)密(mi)封的(de)(de)機理。顯然,良(liang)好的(de)(de)密(mi)封在(zai)于維持“軸承效應”和“迷(mi)宮效應”。也就(jiu)(jiu)是說,要保持良(liang)好的(de)(de)潤滑(hua)和適(shi)當(dang)(dang)的(de)(de)壓(ya)緊。若潤滑(hua)不(bu)良(liang),或壓(ya)得過緊都會使油膜(mo)中斷,造成填(tian)(tian)料(liao)與(yu)軸之間出(chu)(chu)(chu)現干摩擦,最后(hou)導致燒軸和出(chu)(chu)(chu)現嚴重磨損(sun)。
為(wei)此,需要經常(chang)對(dui)填(tian)料(liao)的壓(ya)緊(jin)程度進行調整(zheng),以(yi)便填(tian)料(liao)中的潤滑劑在(zai)運(yun)行一段時間流(liu)失之后,再擠(ji)出一些潤滑劑,同時補償填(tian)料(liao)因體積變化所(suo)(suo)造成的壓(ya)緊(jin)力松弛。顯然,這樣經常(chang)擠(ji)壓(ya)填(tian)料(liao),最(zui)終將使(shi)浸(jin)漬劑枯(ku)竭,所(suo)(suo)以(yi)定期更換(huan)填(tian)料(liao)是必要的。此外,為(wei)了維持液膜(mo)和帶走摩擦熱,有意讓填(tian)料(liao)處有少量(liang)泄漏也(ye)是必要的。