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發布時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:132689 來源:
填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改集(ji)式密(mi)(mi)封是指通過預(yu)緊(jin)或(huo)介(jie)質壓力的自(zi)緊(jin)作(zuo)用使(shi)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與轉動件(jian)(jian)及固定件(jian)(jian)之間產(chan)生(sheng)壓緊(jin)力的動密(mi)(mi)封裝置(zhi)。又稱“填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函(han)密(mi)(mi)封”。結(jie)構(gou)形(xing)式較多,主要(yao)由(you)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)和填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固定件(jian)(jian)組成(cheng)。常用的填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)石(shi)棉織(zhi)物(wu)、碳纖維、橡膠、柔性(xing)石(shi)墨和工(gong)程塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等(deng),預(yu)制成(cheng)環(huan)狀或(huo)條(tiao)狀(有(you)的需預(yu)先浸漬潤滑(hua)性(xing)好的填(tian)充物(wu)),并采用多環(huan)或(huo)螺旋狀多層結(jie)構(gou)。填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)用以安置(zhi)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固定件(jian)(jian)包括壓蓋(gai)、螺栓和彈簧等(deng),用以使(shi)填(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)預(yu)緊(jin),工(gong)作(zuo)時(shi)阻止介(jie)質外漏,彈簧可起補償作(zuo)用。
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)裝入填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)腔以后,經壓蓋螺絲(si)對它(ta)(ta)作軸向(xiang)壓縮(suo),當軸與(yu)(yu)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)有相對運動時(shi),由(you)于(yu)(yu)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的塑性,使它(ta)(ta)產生(sheng)徑(jing)向(xiang)力,并與(yu)(yu)軸緊(jin)密接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)。與(yu)(yu)此同時(shi),填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)中浸(jin)漬的潤滑(hua)劑被(bei)擠出(chu)(chu),在接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)面之間(jian)形成(cheng)油(you)膜。由(you)于(yu)(yu)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)狀(zhuang)態并不(bu)是特別(bie)均勻(yun)的,接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)便出(chu)(chu)現“邊(bian)界(jie)潤滑(hua)”狀(zhuang)態,稱為“軸承效應(ying)(ying)(ying)”;而未(wei)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)的凹(ao)部(bu)形成(cheng)小油(you)槽(cao),有較厚的油(you)膜,接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)與(yu)(yu)非(fei)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部(bu)位(wei)(wei)組成(cheng)一道不(bu)規則的迷(mi)宮(gong),起阻止液流泄漏的作用,此稱“迷(mi)宮(gong)效應(ying)(ying)(ying)”。這就是填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)密封(feng)的機理(li)。顯然,良好(hao)的密封(feng)在于(yu)(yu)維持“軸承效應(ying)(ying)(ying)”和(he)“迷(mi)宮(gong)效應(ying)(ying)(ying)”。也就是說(shuo),要保持良好(hao)的潤滑(hua)和(he)適當的壓緊(jin)。若潤滑(hua)不(bu)良,或壓得過緊(jin)都(dou)會(hui)使油(you)膜中斷,造成(cheng)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)與(yu)(yu)軸之間(jian)出(chu)(chu)現干摩擦,最(zui)后導致燒軸和(he)出(chu)(chu)現嚴(yan)重磨損(sun)。
為此,需(xu)要(yao)(yao)經常(chang)(chang)對填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)壓緊程(cheng)度(du)進行(xing)(xing)調整,以(yi)便填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)中(zhong)的(de)(de)潤(run)滑(hua)劑在運行(xing)(xing)一段時間流失之后,再擠出一些(xie)潤(run)滑(hua)劑,同時補償填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)因體積變化所造成的(de)(de)壓緊力松弛。顯然,這(zhe)樣經常(chang)(chang)擠壓填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao),最終將使浸(jin)漬劑枯竭,所以(yi)定期(qi)更(geng)換填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)是(shi)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)。此外(wai),為了維持液膜和帶(dai)走摩(mo)擦熱,有意(yi)讓(rang)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)處(chu)有少量(liang)泄漏也是(shi)必要(yao)(yao)的(de)(de)。