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發布時間:2021-12-20 14:58:59 人氣:99357 來源:
工業園區機械密封是一種依靠彈(dan)性元(yuan)件(jian)對動(dong)、靜環(huan)端面(mian)(mian)密(mi)封副的預緊和(he)介質壓力與彈(dan)性元(yuan)件(jian)壓力的壓緊而(er)(er)達到(dao)密(mi)封的軸向端面(mian)(mian)密(mi)封裝置。動(dong)環(huan)和(he)靜環(huan)的端面(mian)(mian)組成(cheng)一對摩擦副,動(dong)環(huan)靠密(mi)封室中液體的壓力使(shi)其(qi)端面(mian)(mian)壓緊在(zai)靜環(huan)端面(mian)(mian)上(shang),并在(zai)兩環(huan)端面(mian)(mian)上(shang)產生(sheng)適(shi)當的比壓和(he)保持(chi)一層極薄(bo)的液體膜而(er)(er)達到(dao)密(mi)封的目的。
常用工業園區機械密封結構由靜(jing)(jing)止環(靜(jing)(jing)環)、旋轉(zhuan)環(動環)、彈性(xing)元件(jian)(jian)、彈簧(huang)座、固緊件(jian)(jian)、旋轉(zhuan)環輔助密封圈和靜(jing)(jing)止環輔助密封圈等元件(jian)(jian)組成(cheng),防轉(zhuan)銷固定在(zai)壓蓋上以(yi)防止靜(jing)(jing)止環轉(zhuan)動。這些(xie)(xie)元件(jian)(jian)都有哪(na)些(xie)(xie)作用呢?
(1)動(dong)、靜(jing)環:保持緊密(mi)(mi)貼合組成密(mi)(mi)封面(mian)防止介(jie)質泄漏。要(yao)求動(dong)、靜(jing)環具(ju)有(you)良(liang)好(hao)的耐(nai)磨性動(dong)環可以軸向(xiang)移動(dong),自(zi)動(dong)補償密(mi)(mi)封面(mian)磨損,使之與靜(jing)環良(liang)好(hao)地貼合,靜(jing)環有(you)浮(fu)動(dong)性,起緩(huan)沖作用。
(2)彈性元件(彈簧、波紋板、蛇形套等):主要作用是對密封端面產生一定的預緊壓力,使端面在啟動、停車和介質壓力波動時能保持良好的接合。同時用來克服輔助密封圈與軸之間的摩擦力,使補償環沿軸向移動,以補償端面磨損后形成的間隙。此外,還可對軸的跳動等引起的振動起一定的緩沖作用。用的彈性元件有圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧、波形片彈簧、蝶形彈簧和波紋管。其中圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧使用廣。波形彈簧和蝶形彈簧具有軸向尺寸小,剛度大,結構緊湊的優點,但軸向位移和彈簧力較小,一般適用于軸向尺寸要求很緊湊的輕型工業園區機械密封。波形管常(chang)用于高溫、低溫、強腐蝕等特殊條(tiao)件。
(3)輔助密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(0形(xing)(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、V形(xing)(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)、楔形(xing)(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)其他異形(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)):主要起到靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)和動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封作(zuo)用(yong)(yong),同時也起到浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)性(xing)和緩(huan)沖的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。要求靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)輔助密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封元件(jian)(jian)保證靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與壓蓋之間(jian)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封性(xing),使靜環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)有一定的(de)(de)浮(fu)(fu)動(dong)性(xing),動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)輔助密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封元件(jian)(jian)保證動(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與軸或(huo)軸套(tao)之間(jian)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封.材料要求耐熱、耐寒方(fang)面(mian)與介質接近。
(4)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)件:傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)件包括傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)銷、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)座、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)套(tao)、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鍵、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)突耳或牙(ya)嵌式聯接器(qi),其(qi)作用是將軸的轉(zhuan)矩傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)給動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環,材料要(yao)求耐腐蝕和耐磨(mo)損。
(5)固(gu)緊(jin)件:包括緊(jin)定螺(luo)釘、彈簧座、壓蓋、組裝(zhuang)套(tao)、軸(zhou)套(tao)。起(qi)著靜、動環的(de)(de)定位、固(gu)緊(jin)作用。要(yao)(yao)求定位正確(que),保證摩(mo)擦副密封(feng)面(mian)處(chu)于正確(que)的(de)(de)位置,并且保持良好貼合的(de)(de)彈簧比壓,同時要(yao)(yao)求拆裝(zhuang)方便,容易就位,能(neng)重復使用,與(yu)輔助(zhu)密封(feng)配(pei)合處(chu)應注(zhu)意安裝(zhuang)密封(feng)環的(de)(de)倒(dao)角和壓彈量,特別注(zhu)意動環密封(feng)圈與(yu)軸(zhou)套(tao)配(pei)合處(chu)要(yao)(yao)求耐(nai)腐蝕(shi)和耐(nai)磨(mo)損,必要(yao)(yao)時采用硬面(mian)復層。
介紹完了工業園區機械密封的基本元件,接下來看看密封失效都會發生在哪些元件處。工業園區機械密封的(de)(de)泄漏點基本上(shang)都(dou)表現在6處(chu)(chu):①動、靜環(huan)端(duan)面(mian)處(chu)(chu);②靜環(huan)與靜環(huan)盒(he)的(de)(de)輔助(zhu)密封處(chu)(chu);③靜環(huan)壓蓋與離心泵泵體之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)密封處(chu)(chu);④動環(huan)鑲嵌結構(gou)配(pei)合(he)處(chu)(chu);⑤軸套與泵軸之(zhi)間(jian)的(de)(de)密封處(chu)(chu);⑥動環(huan)與軸套的(de)(de)輔助(zhu)密封處(chu)(chu)。
注意:⑤和⑥只有在(zai)安裝軸套時(shi)才存(cun)在(zai)。