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發(fa)布時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:128134 來源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)改集式(shi)密(mi)封(feng)是指通過預(yu)緊(jin)或(huo)(huo)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)壓力的(de)自緊(jin)作用(yong)(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)與轉動件及固定(ding)件之(zhi)間產生壓緊(jin)力的(de)動密(mi)封(feng)裝置。又(you)稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)函密(mi)封(feng)”。結構形(xing)式(shi)較多(duo)(duo),主(zhu)要由(you)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱和填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)固定(ding)件組(zu)成(cheng)。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)有石(shi)棉織物、碳(tan)纖維、橡膠、柔性石(shi)墨(mo)和工(gong)程塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)等,預(yu)制成(cheng)環(huan)狀或(huo)(huo)條狀(有的(de)需預(yu)先浸(jin)漬潤(run)滑性好(hao)的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)充物),并采用(yong)(yong)多(duo)(duo)環(huan)或(huo)(huo)螺旋狀多(duo)(duo)層(ceng)結構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)(yong)以安置填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)固定(ding)件包括(kuo)壓蓋、螺栓和彈(dan)簧等,用(yong)(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)預(yu)緊(jin),工(gong)作時阻止(zhi)介(jie)(jie)質(zhi)外漏(lou),彈(dan)簧可起補償作用(yong)(yong)。
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)裝入填(tian)(tian)料(liao)腔以后,經壓(ya)蓋螺絲對它作軸(zhou)向壓(ya)縮,當軸(zhou)與(yu)(yu)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)有(you)相對運動時,由于(yu)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)的塑性,使它產生(sheng)徑向力(li),并與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)緊(jin)密接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)。與(yu)(yu)此(ci)同時,填(tian)(tian)料(liao)中浸漬(zi)的潤(run)(run)滑(hua)劑被擠出(chu),在(zai)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)面之(zhi)間形成(cheng)油膜(mo)。由于(yu)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)狀(zhuang)態并不是(shi)特別均勻的,接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)便出(chu)現(xian)“邊界潤(run)(run)滑(hua)”狀(zhuang)態,稱為(wei)“軸(zhou)承效(xiao)應(ying)”;而未接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)的凹部(bu)(bu)形成(cheng)小油槽,有(you)較厚的油膜(mo),接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)與(yu)(yu)非接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)位(wei)組成(cheng)一道不規則(ze)的迷(mi)宮(gong),起阻止液流泄漏(lou)的作用,此(ci)稱“迷(mi)宮(gong)效(xiao)應(ying)”。這就是(shi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)密封的機理。顯然,良好(hao)的密封在(zai)于(yu)維持“軸(zhou)承效(xiao)應(ying)”和(he)“迷(mi)宮(gong)效(xiao)應(ying)”。也就是(shi)說,要(yao)保持良好(hao)的潤(run)(run)滑(hua)和(he)適當的壓(ya)緊(jin)。若潤(run)(run)滑(hua)不良,或壓(ya)得過緊(jin)都會使油膜(mo)中斷,造成(cheng)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)之(zhi)間出(chu)現(xian)干摩擦(ca),最(zui)后導致燒軸(zhou)和(he)出(chu)現(xian)嚴重磨(mo)損。
為此,需要經常對填料(liao)的(de)壓緊程(cheng)度進行(xing)(xing)調整(zheng),以便填料(liao)中的(de)潤(run)滑劑(ji)在運行(xing)(xing)一段時間流(liu)失之后(hou),再(zai)擠出一些潤(run)滑劑(ji),同時補償填料(liao)因體積變化所(suo)造成的(de)壓緊力松弛。顯然,這樣經常擠壓填料(liao),最終將使浸漬劑(ji)枯竭,所(suo)以定期更換填料(liao)是必要的(de)。此外,為了維持液膜和帶走摩擦熱,有意讓填料(liao)處有少量泄漏也是必要的(de)。