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發布(bu)時(shi)間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人(ren)氣:94688 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數廣河機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,廣河機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。廣河機械密封端面(mian)摩(mo)擦(ca)的(de)(de)工況一(yi)般(ban)分為:流體(ti)摩(mo)擦(ca)、混合摩(mo)擦(ca)和邊界摩(mo)擦(ca)三類,但(dan)不能長時(shi)間(jian)干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)。干(gan)摩(mo)擦(ca)狀態時(shi),兩端面(mian)間(jian)的(de)(de)固體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)微凸體(ti)將直接接觸而(er)引起劇烈的(de)(de)磨(mo)損。磨(mo)損時(shi)一(yi)方面(mian)會使摩(mo)擦(ca)表(biao)面(mian)物(wu)質喪(sang)失或遷(qian)移,導(dao)致表(biao)面(mian)損壞;另一(yi)方面(mian)會產生大量的(de)(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)熱(re)直至(zhi)燒毀(hui)密(mi)封。在(zai)無流體(ti)介質的(de)(de)工況下,如何減少磨(mo)損降(jiang)低摩(mo)擦(ca)熱(re),那就要依靠(kao)干(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)封了。
干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)一種,常用材質為(wei)耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)碳精,結構包括環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體(ti)(ti)和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行軸套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔(qiang)體(ti)(ti)內(nei)有環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行槽,槽內(nei)至少裝(zhuang)有二(er)個截(jie)面(mian)為(wei)矩形的(de)(de)(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行石墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)(de)內(nei)徑與(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行軸套(tao)之(zhi)間有0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)間隙,軸套(tao)外(wai)(wai)(wai)表面(mian)涂(tu)有耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)涂(tu)層,涂(tu)層材料一般為(wei)三氧(yang)化二(er)鋁或三氧(yang)化二(er)鉻。干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有時需要(yao)增加隔離(li)氣(qi),通常使(shi)用氮(dan)氣(qi),氮(dan)氣(qi)耗量能控制在25-40。主要(yao)應用于密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有毒介質,由于操(cao)作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好(hao),不需要(yao)復(fu)雜的(de)(de)(de)潤滑冷卻(que)系統(tong),可(ke)以干(gan)(gan)運行,得(de)到廣泛的(de)(de)(de)應用。干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩及(ji)架設(she)于外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩上(shang)且可(ke)呈相對(dui)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)及(ji)貼(tie)合的(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩固定連接,靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分開設(she)有供旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)軸安裝(zhuang)的(de)(de)(de)通孔(kong),且動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼(tie)合的(de)(de)(de)端面(mian)分別為(wei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及(ji)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外(wai)(wai)(wai)罩上(shang)設(she)有促(cu)使(shi)動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)靜(jing)(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合的(de)(de)(de)彈性抵壓件。除了要(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平行之(zhi)外(wai)(wai)(wai),主要(yao)是摩擦副(fu)的(de)(de)(de)材料問題。
摩擦材料應具備下列條件:
(1)機械強度高(gao),能耐壓(ya)和耐壓(ya)力變形;
(2)具有耐干磨(mo)性,耐高(gao)載荷性,自潤滑性好;
(3)配對材料的磨合性(xing)好,無過(guo)大的磨損和對偶(ou)腐(fu)蝕;
(4)耐(nai)磨性(xing)好,摩擦材料雖然是易損件,起(qi)到保(bao)護制(zhi)動(dong)或傳(chuan)動(dong)裝置的作用,但要求(qiu)具有一定的耐(nai)磨性(xing),使用壽(shou)命盡量(liang)要長,刮傷、腐蝕和粘(zhan)附對(dui)偶,都(dou)會造成制(zhi)動(dong)或傳(chuan)動(dong)的震動(dong)和不(bu)穩(wen)定;
(5)導熱性和散熱性好,導熱性是傳導熱量的能力大小,即包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)吸熱,也(ye)包(bao)(bao)括(kuo)散熱,所以,導熱性好的必然(ran)散熱性也(ye)好;
(6)抗熱(re)裂性好(hao),根(gen)本解(jie)決抗熱(re)裂性問題可能需要改變封(feng)孔方法;
(7)耐(nai)(nai)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)強,一些有色金屬合金能將良好的摩(mo)擦學特性(xing)與有些流體(ti)的耐(nai)(nai)腐(fu)蝕性(xing)結合;
(8)線膨脹系數小(xiao),熱膨脹會造成摩擦材料與(yu)摩擦對偶之間的(de)間隙過(guo)小(xiao),發生拖摩,損毀制(zhi)動、傳(chuan)動裝置(zhi)。