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發布時間:2021-12-20 15:07:40 人氣:94827 來源(yuan):
墊圈是動環和靜環的總稱,是構成廣河機械密封主要的元件,很大程度上決定了廣河機械密封的使(shi)用性能和壽命(ming)。使(shi)用閥門時,往往根據具(ju)體(ti)情況更(geng)換原帶(dai)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)。常用墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)有:橡(xiang)膠平墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)、橡(xiang)膠O形(xing)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)、塑(su)料平墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)、聚四(si)氟乙烯包墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)、石(shi)棉(mian)橡(xiang)膠墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)、金(jin)(jin)屬平墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)、金(jin)(jin)屬異形(xing)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)、金(jin)(jin)屬皮墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)、波形(xing)墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)、纏繞墊(dian)(dian)(dian)(dian)圈(quan)(quan)(quan)等。
(1)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)平(ping)墊圈(quan):變形容易,壓(ya)緊時不(bu)費力(li)(li),但(dan)耐壓(ya)、耐溫(wen)(wen)能(neng)力(li)(li)都較差,只用(yong)(yong)(yong)于壓(ya)力(li)(li)低、溫(wen)(wen)度不(bu)高的地方。天然(ran)橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)有一定(ding)耐酸堿性能(neng),使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)溫(wen)(wen)度不(bu)宜超過60℃;氯丁橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)也能(neng)耐某些(xie)酸堿,使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)溫(wen)(wen)度80℃;橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)耐油(you),可用(yong)(yong)(yong)至80℃;氟橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)耐腐蝕(shi)性能(neng)很(hen)好,耐溫(wen)(wen)性能(neng)也比一般橡(xiang)(xiang)(xiang)膠(jiao)強,可在150℃介質中使(shi)用(yong)(yong)(yong)。
(2)橡膠O形墊圈:斷(duan)面(mian)形狀是(shi)正(zheng)圓,有一定(ding)的自緊(jin)作(zuo)用,密封效果比平墊圈好,壓(ya)緊(jin)力更小。
(3)塑料(liao)(liao)平墊圈:塑料(liao)(liao)的(de)特點是耐腐蝕性(xing)(xing)好,大部分(fen)塑料(liao)(liao)耐溫(wen)性(xing)(xing)能(neng)不好。聚(ju)四(si)氟乙烯(xi)為塑料(liao)(liao),不但耐腐蝕性(xing)(xing)能(neng)優(you)異,而且耐溫(wen)范圍(wei)比較寬闊,可(ke)在(zai)-180℃~+200℃之(zhi)內長期使用。
(4)聚四氟(fu)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)包墊(dian)圈(quan)(quan):為了充(chong)分發揮聚四氟(fu)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)的(de)(de)優(you)點(dian),同(tong)時(shi)彌補(bu)它彈性(xing)較差的(de)(de)缺點(dian),做(zuo)成聚四氟(fu)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)包裹橡(xiang)膠或石棉(mian)橡(xiang)膠的(de)(de)墊(dian)圈(quan)(quan)。這(zhe)樣(yang),既同(tong)聚四氟(fu)乙(yi)(yi)烯(xi)平墊(dian)圈(quan)(quan)一(yi)樣(yang)耐腐蝕,又(you)有(you)良好的(de)(de)彈性(xing),增強(qiang)密封效(xiao)果,減小壓緊力(li)。
(5)石棉橡膠墊圈:由石棉橡膠板剪成。它(ta)的(de)組分是60~80%的(de)石棉和10~20%的(de)橡膠,以及(ji)填充劑、硫化劑等。它(ta)有很(hen)好的(de)耐熱性(xing)、耐冷性(xing)、化學穩定(ding)性(xing),而且貨源豐富,價格便宜。使(shi)用時(shi),壓緊力不必(bi)很(hen)大。由于它(ta)能粘附(fu)金屬,所以表面涂一(yi)層石墨粉(fen),以免拆卸時(shi)費勁。
廣河機械密封對墊(dian)圈有哪(na)些要求呢?
(1)需要有足夠的(de)強度(du)和剛度(du),在(zai)工作條件(jian)下(如壓力、溫度(du)和滑(hua)動速度(du)等)不損(sun)壞,變形應盡量的(de)小(xiao),工作條件(jian)波動時仍能保(bao)持(chi)密封(feng)性(xing)。
(2)密封(feng)端面應有(you)足夠的(de)(de)硬度和耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)性,以保證工作條件下有(you)滿意的(de)(de)使用壽命。
(3)應有(you)良好的耐熱沖擊能(neng)力,為此要求材料有(you)較高的導熱系數和較小的線膨脹系數,承受熱沖擊時不至于開(kai)裂(lie)。
(5)應(ying)有較小(xiao)(xiao)的摩擦(ca)系數和良(liang)好的自(zi)潤(run)(run)滑性(xing),墊(dian)圈(quan)(quan)匹配應(ying)有較小(xiao)(xiao)的摩擦(ca)系數和良(liang)好的自(zi)潤(run)(run)滑性(xing),墊(dian)圈(quan)(quan)材料(liao)與密封(feng)(feng)流體還要有很好的浸潤(run)(run)性(xing)。工(gong)作(zuo)中如(ru)發生短時間(jian)的干摩擦(ca),不損(sun)傷密封(feng)(feng)端面。
(5)應力求(qiu)簡單對稱并優先考(kao)慮用(yong)整體型結構(gou),也可(ke)采用(yong)組(zu)合(he)式(如鑲裝(zhuang)式)墊(dian)圈,盡量避免用(yong)密(mi)封端面噴涂(tu)式結構(gou)。
(6)墊圈要容易加(jia)工(gong)制(zhi)造,安裝和維修(xiu)要方便。