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發布時(shi)間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人(ren)氣:134093 來(lai)源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改(gai)集式(shi)密(mi)(mi)封是指通過預(yu)緊或介(jie)質壓力的自緊作(zuo)用(yong)使(shi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與(yu)轉動件(jian)及(ji)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)件(jian)之間產生壓緊力的動密(mi)(mi)封裝置。又稱(cheng)“填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函密(mi)(mi)封”。結構形式(shi)較多(duo),主(zhu)要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱和(he)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)件(jian)組成。常用(yong)的填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有石棉(mian)織物(wu)、碳纖維、橡膠、柔性石墨(mo)和(he)工(gong)程塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等,預(yu)制成環(huan)狀(zhuang)或條狀(zhuang)(有的需預(yu)先(xian)浸漬(zi)潤(run)滑性好的填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充物(wu)),并采用(yong)多(duo)環(huan)或螺(luo)旋狀(zhuang)多(duo)層結構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)以安置填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)件(jian)包(bao)括壓蓋、螺(luo)栓和(he)彈(dan)簧等,用(yong)以使(shi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)預(yu)緊,工(gong)作(zuo)時阻止介(jie)質外漏,彈(dan)簧可起補償作(zuo)用(yong)。
填(tian)料(liao)裝入填(tian)料(liao)腔(qiang)以(yi)后,經(jing)壓蓋螺(luo)絲對它作軸(zhou)向壓縮,當軸(zhou)與(yu)填(tian)料(liao)有(you)相(xiang)對運動時(shi),由(you)于填(tian)料(liao)的(de)塑性,使它產生徑向力,并與(yu)軸(zhou)緊(jin)密接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)。與(yu)此同時(shi),填(tian)料(liao)中浸(jin)漬的(de)潤滑(hua)劑被擠出,在(zai)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)面之間形(xing)成油(you)膜(mo)。由(you)于接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)狀(zhuang)態(tai)并不(bu)(bu)是(shi)(shi)特(te)別均(jun)勻的(de),接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部(bu)(bu)位便出現(xian)“邊界潤滑(hua)”狀(zhuang)態(tai),稱(cheng)為“軸(zhou)承(cheng)效應(ying)”;而未(wei)接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)的(de)凹(ao)部(bu)(bu)形(xing)成小油(you)槽,有(you)較厚(hou)的(de)油(you)膜(mo),接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部(bu)(bu)位與(yu)非接(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部(bu)(bu)位組成一道(dao)不(bu)(bu)規則的(de)迷(mi)宮,起阻止液流(liu)泄(xie)漏的(de)作用(yong),此稱(cheng)“迷(mi)宮效應(ying)”。這就是(shi)(shi)填(tian)料(liao)密封(feng)的(de)機理。顯然,良好(hao)的(de)密封(feng)在(zai)于維持“軸(zhou)承(cheng)效應(ying)”和“迷(mi)宮效應(ying)”。也就是(shi)(shi)說(shuo),要(yao)保持良好(hao)的(de)潤滑(hua)和適當的(de)壓緊(jin)。若(ruo)潤滑(hua)不(bu)(bu)良,或(huo)壓得過(guo)緊(jin)都會使油(you)膜(mo)中斷,造成填(tian)料(liao)與(yu)軸(zhou)之間出現(xian)干(gan)摩擦,最后導致燒軸(zhou)和出現(xian)嚴重磨損(sun)。
為(wei)此,需要(yao)(yao)經常對填(tian)(tian)料的壓(ya)(ya)緊程度(du)進行調整,以(yi)便填(tian)(tian)料中的潤(run)滑劑在運(yun)行一段時間流失之(zhi)后,再擠(ji)出一些潤(run)滑劑,同時補(bu)償(chang)填(tian)(tian)料因體積(ji)變化(hua)所造成的壓(ya)(ya)緊力松弛。顯然(ran),這(zhe)樣經常擠(ji)壓(ya)(ya)填(tian)(tian)料,最終將使浸漬劑枯竭,所以(yi)定(ding)期(qi)更換填(tian)(tian)料是必(bi)要(yao)(yao)的。此外,為(wei)了(le)維持(chi)液膜和(he)帶(dai)走摩擦熱(re),有意讓填(tian)(tian)料處有少(shao)量泄(xie)漏也(ye)是必(bi)要(yao)(yao)的。