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發布時(shi)間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人(ren)氣(qi):127976 來源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改集式密封是指(zhi)通過預緊(jin)或(huo)介質壓力的自緊(jin)作用使(shi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與轉動件及(ji)固定(ding)件之間產生壓緊(jin)力的動密封裝置。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函密封”。結構(gou)形式較多(duo),主(zhu)要由(you)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱和(he)(he)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固定(ding)件組成。常用的填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)石(shi)棉(mian)織物(wu)、碳纖(xian)維(wei)、橡膠、柔性石(shi)墨和(he)(he)工程塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等,預制成環狀或(huo)條狀(有(you)的需預先(xian)浸(jin)漬潤滑性好的填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充物(wu)),并采用多(duo)環或(huo)螺旋狀多(duo)層(ceng)結構(gou)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱用以(yi)安(an)置填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固定(ding)件包括壓蓋、螺栓(shuan)和(he)(he)彈簧等,用以(yi)使(shi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)預緊(jin),工作時(shi)阻止介質外漏,彈簧可起補償作用。
填(tian)料(liao)裝入(ru)填(tian)料(liao)腔(qiang)以(yi)后,經壓蓋螺絲對(dui)它(ta)作軸(zhou)(zhou)向壓縮,當軸(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)(yu)填(tian)料(liao)有相對(dui)運動時,由于填(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑性,使它(ta)產生徑(jing)向力,并與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)緊(jin)(jin)密接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)。與(yu)(yu)此同(tong)時,填(tian)料(liao)中浸漬的(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)劑被擠(ji)出,在(zai)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)面之(zhi)(zhi)間形成(cheng)油(you)膜。由于接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)狀態并不(bu)是(shi)特別均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de),接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)便(bian)出現(xian)“邊(bian)界潤滑(hua)”狀態,稱(cheng)(cheng)為(wei)“軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效應”;而(er)未(wei)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)凹部形成(cheng)小油(you)槽,有較厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)油(you)膜,接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)與(yu)(yu)非(fei)接(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)組成(cheng)一道(dao)不(bu)規則(ze)的(de)(de)(de)(de)迷(mi)(mi)宮,起阻止(zhi)液流泄漏的(de)(de)(de)(de)作用,此稱(cheng)(cheng)“迷(mi)(mi)宮效應”。這就(jiu)是(shi)填(tian)料(liao)密封的(de)(de)(de)(de)機(ji)理。顯然,良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)密封在(zai)于維持(chi)“軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效應”和(he)“迷(mi)(mi)宮效應”。也就(jiu)是(shi)說,要保持(chi)良好的(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)和(he)適(shi)當的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓緊(jin)(jin)。若潤滑(hua)不(bu)良,或壓得(de)過(guo)緊(jin)(jin)都(dou)會(hui)使油(you)膜中斷,造成(cheng)填(tian)料(liao)與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)(zhi)間出現(xian)干(gan)摩擦,最(zui)后導致燒軸(zhou)(zhou)和(he)出現(xian)嚴重磨(mo)損(sun)。
為此,需要經常對填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)壓緊(jin)程度進行調整(zheng),以(yi)便填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)中的(de)潤滑劑在運行一段時間流(liu)失之后(hou),再擠出一些潤滑劑,同(tong)時補償(chang)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)因體積(ji)變(bian)化所造成的(de)壓緊(jin)力松弛(chi)。顯(xian)然(ran),這樣經常擠壓填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao),最終將(jiang)使浸漬劑枯竭,所以(yi)定期更換填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)是必(bi)要的(de)。此外(wai),為了(le)維持液膜和帶走摩(mo)擦熱,有(you)意讓填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)處(chu)有(you)少(shao)量泄漏(lou)也是必(bi)要的(de)。