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發布時間:2022-01-20 15:07:30 人(ren)氣:143701 來源:
河曲機械密封裝置主要有主密封和與其配套的輔助系統組成。主密封作用是密封工作介質,而輔助系統是為主密封提供良好的工作環境,以保證河曲機械密封可靠、穩定地運行,輔助系統是決定河曲機械密封能否(fou)可靠、穩定運行的必(bi)要條(tiao)件。
河曲機械密封輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)有壓(ya)力控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、溫(wen)度控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)、空氣和雜質(zhi)(zhi)清除以及流(liu)體(ti)替代(dai)(阻(zu)塞)等系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)。輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)選擇主(zhu)要(yao)取決(jue)于主(zhu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)使用(yong)(yong)(yong)場合。例(li)如,主(zhu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于高溫(wen)液體(ti),輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)的(de)主(zhu)要(yao)功(gong)能(neng)就是降低(di)主(zhu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)環境(jing)溫(wen)度;主(zhu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)用(yong)(yong)(yong)于固體(ti)雜質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量高的(de)工作介質(zhi)(zhi),輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)就要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)在主(zhu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)前(qian)降低(di)固體(ti)雜質(zhi)(zhi)含(han)量,在腐蝕(shi)介質(zhi)(zhi)中,輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)就要(yao)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)在主(zhu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)前(qian)降低(di)腐蝕(shi)速度或消(xiao)除腐蝕(shi)(即流(liu)體(ti)替代(dai)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong));在高壓(ya)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)裝(zhuang)置(zhi)中,輔(fu)助(zhu)(zhu)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)應保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)具備(bei)降壓(ya)功(gong)能(neng),即采用(yong)(yong)(yong)壓(ya)力控(kong)制(zhi)(zhi)。采用(yong)(yong)(yong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)可以改善主(zhu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)工作條件,使整個設備(bei)、系(xi)統(tong)(tong)(tong)(tong)減少泄(xie)漏,能(neng)保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)的(de)工作可靠性并(bing)延(yan)長其壽(shou)命,為設備(bei)和工藝裝(zhuang)置(zhi)安(an)全、可靠地運行提供保(bao)證(zheng)(zheng)。
1、河曲機械密封系統的壓力控制
對于河曲機械密封來講,壓力(li)、軸轉速、溫度這三者是(shi)(shi)(shi)密(mi)切相關(guan)的(de)(de)(de),PV值大,勢必(bi)溫度升高。一般泵的(de)(de)(de)轉速是(shi)(shi)(shi)固定(ding)(ding)的(de)(de)(de)或在在一定(ding)(ding)范圍內(nei),其壓力(li)也是(shi)(shi)(shi)固定(ding)(ding)在一個范圍內(nei),因此(ci),控(kong)制密(mi)封的(de)(de)(de)環境壓力(li)是(shi)(shi)(shi)必(bi)須的(de)(de)(de)。
在工藝條件(jian)允許的情(qing)況下,采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)平衡(heng)型密(mi)封(feng)是(shi)減(jian)少密(mi)封(feng)面比壓的最好(hao)辦(ban)法。在泵本身方面,可以采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)下列(lie)辦(ban)法來降低軸(zhou)封(feng)前(qian)的壓力,從而減(jian)輕軸(zhou)封(feng)載(zai)荷(he):葉(xie)(xie)輪(lun)開平衡(heng)孔;葉(xie)(xie)輪(lun)帶背(bei)葉(xie)(xie)片;加副葉(xie)(xie)輪(lun)等。未了減(jian)輕軸(zhou)封(feng)載(zai)荷(he),還可以在密(mi)封(feng)前(qian)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)迷宮密(mi)封(feng)、螺旋密(mi)封(feng)、節流套密(mi)封(feng)等以降低密(mi)封(feng)前(qian)的壓力。為了良好(hao)地(di)分(fen)配壓力,還可以采(cai)用(yong)(yong)(yong)串聯(lian)式密(mi)封(feng)。
2、河曲機械密封溫度控制系統
這是河曲機械密封主要的系統。密封面的摩擦和機械攪拌會不斷產生熱量;泵送的高溫介質對密封的影響。這些熱量必須及時排除才能保證河曲機械密封可靠工作,因此,必須進行溫度控(kong)制。
溫(wen)度控制不僅對(dui)密(mi)封(feng)有(you)利,而且對(dui)其他(ta)部分也是必須的(de),這可以防止:
a.摩擦(ca)副密(mi)封環熱(re)變形(xing)和碳石墨(mo)浸漬劑熔化;
b.密(mi)封(feng)面間液(ye)膜黏度變化和液(ye)膜汽化;
c.輔助密封元件失效(xiao),如橡膠(jiao)密封圈軟化(hua)(hua)、老化(hua)(hua)和(he)分解;
d.加(jia)速腐蝕(shi)介質對零件(jian)的腐蝕(shi);
e.有些介質易(yi)發生聚合或分解等。
河曲機械密封最(zui)常用的溫度控(kong)制方法(fa)是沖洗、冷卻循環(huan)等。