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和田干磨密封解決了摩擦熱過高的問題

發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人(ren)氣:98713 來源:

  在使用過程中,大多數和田機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,和田機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。和田機械密封端(duan)面(mian)(mian)摩(mo)擦(ca)的工(gong)況(kuang)一(yi)般分為(wei):流體摩(mo)擦(ca)、混(hun)合摩(mo)擦(ca)和邊界摩(mo)擦(ca)三類,但(dan)不能長時間(jian)(jian)干摩(mo)擦(ca)。干摩(mo)擦(ca)狀態時,兩端(duan)面(mian)(mian)間(jian)(jian)的固體表(biao)面(mian)(mian)微凸體將(jiang)直接接觸而引起劇烈(lie)的磨損(sun)。磨損(sun)時一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)會使摩(mo)擦(ca)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)物質(zhi)喪失或(huo)遷(qian)移,導致表(biao)面(mian)(mian)損(sun)壞;另一(yi)方面(mian)(mian)會產生大(da)量的摩(mo)擦(ca)熱直至燒毀密封。在無流體介質(zhi)的工(gong)況(kuang)下,如何減少磨損(sun)降(jiang)低摩(mo)擦(ca)熱,那就要(yao)依靠干磨密封了。


  干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)(yu)浮動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的一(yi)種,常用(yong)(yong)材(cai)質為耐磨(mo)碳精(jing),結構包(bao)括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)和環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)內(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)槽,槽內(nei)(nei)至少裝有(you)(you)(you)二個截面(mian)為矩形的環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)的內(nei)(nei)徑與(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸套(tao)之間(jian)有(you)(you)(you)0.01-0.04的間(jian)隙,軸套(tao)外表面(mian)涂有(you)(you)(you)耐磨(mo)涂層,涂層材(cai)料一(yi)般為三氧(yang)化(hua)二鋁(lv)或三氧(yang)化(hua)二鉻。干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)(you)時(shi)需要(yao)增加隔離氣(qi),通常使用(yong)(yong)氮氣(qi),氮氣(qi)耗量能控制(zhi)在(zai)25-40。主要(yao)應(ying)用(yong)(yong)于(yu)(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易(yi)燃(ran)有(you)(you)(you)毒(du)介質,由于(yu)(yu)操(cao)作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好(hao),不(bu)需要(yao)復雜的潤(run)滑冷卻(que)系統(tong),可以干(gan)(gan)運行(xing),得到(dao)廣(guang)泛的應(ying)用(yong)(yong)。干(gan)(gan)磨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包(bao)括(kuo)有(you)(you)(you)外罩及(ji)架設(she)于(yu)(yu)外罩上(shang)且(qie)可呈相對旋(xuan)轉及(ji)貼合的動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)外罩固定(ding)連(lian)接,靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)及(ji)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)分開(kai)設(she)有(you)(you)(you)供旋(xuan)轉軸安裝的通孔,且(qie)動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)貼合的端(duan)面(mian)分別為動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外罩上(shang)設(she)有(you)(you)(you)促使動密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)(huan)緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的彈性(xing)抵壓件。除(chu)了要(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平行(xing)之外,主要(yao)是(shi)摩擦副(fu)的材(cai)料問題(ti)。

41.JPG

  摩擦材料應具備下列條件:


  (1)機(ji)械強度(du)高,能(neng)耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)和耐(nai)(nai)壓(ya)力變形;


  (2)具有(you)耐(nai)干磨性,耐(nai)高(gao)載荷(he)性,自潤(run)滑性好(hao);


  (3)配對材料的磨合性好,無過大的磨損和對偶腐(fu)蝕;


  (4)耐磨性好,摩(mo)擦材料雖然是易損(sun)件,起(qi)到(dao)保護制動或傳動裝(zhuang)置(zhi)的(de)作(zuo)用(yong),但要求具有一定的(de)耐磨性,使用(yong)壽命盡(jin)量要長,刮傷、腐蝕和(he)粘(zhan)附對(dui)偶,都會造成制動或傳動的(de)震動和(he)不穩(wen)定;


  (5)導熱(re)(re)(re)性和散熱(re)(re)(re)性好,導熱(re)(re)(re)性是傳(chuan)導熱(re)(re)(re)量的(de)能力(li)大小,即(ji)包(bao)括吸(xi)熱(re)(re)(re),也包(bao)括散熱(re)(re)(re),所(suo)以,導熱(re)(re)(re)性好的(de)必(bi)然散熱(re)(re)(re)性也好;


  (6)抗(kang)熱(re)裂性好,根(gen)本解決(jue)抗(kang)熱(re)裂性問題可能需要改(gai)變封(feng)孔方法;


  (7)耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)性(xing)強(qiang),一些(xie)有色金(jin)屬合(he)金(jin)能將良好(hao)的摩擦學特性(xing)與有些(xie)流(liu)體的耐腐(fu)蝕(shi)(shi)性(xing)結(jie)合(he);


  (8)線膨脹(zhang)系數小,熱膨脹(zhang)會(hui)造成(cheng)摩(mo)擦材料與摩(mo)擦對偶之(zhi)間的(de)間隙過小,發生拖摩(mo),損毀制(zhi)動(dong)(dong)、傳動(dong)(dong)裝置。