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發(fa)布(bu)時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:97887 來(lai)源:
在使用過程中,大多數和田市機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,和田市機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。和田市機械密封端面摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)的工況一(yi)般(ban)分為:流體(ti)摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)、混合摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)和邊界(jie)摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)三(san)類,但不能長時間干(gan)摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)。干(gan)摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)狀態時,兩端面間的固體(ti)表面微凸體(ti)將直接接觸而引(yin)起(qi)劇(ju)烈的磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)。磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)時一(yi)方(fang)面會使摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)表面物質喪失或遷移,導(dao)致(zhi)表面損(sun)(sun)壞;另一(yi)方(fang)面會產生大量的摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)熱直至燒毀密封。在無流體(ti)介質的工況下,如何減少磨(mo)損(sun)(sun)降低摩擦(ca)(ca)(ca)熱,那就要依靠干(gan)磨(mo)密封了。
干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于浮動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)一種(zhong),常用(yong)材質為耐磨碳精,結構包括(kuo)(kuo)環行(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)(ti)和(he)環行(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)(ti)內(nei)有(you)環行(xing)槽,槽內(nei)至少裝有(you)二個(ge)截面(mian)(mian)(mian)為矩形的(de)(de)(de)(de)環行(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環,石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環的(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)徑與環行(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)(tao)之間有(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)(de)間隙,軸(zhou)(zhou)套(tao)(tao)外(wai)(wai)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)涂有(you)耐磨涂層(ceng),涂層(ceng)材料一般為三(san)(san)氧化(hua)二鋁或三(san)(san)氧化(hua)二鉻。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時需要(yao)(yao)增加隔離(li)氣,通常使(shi)用(yong)氮氣,氮氣耗量能控制(zhi)在25-40。主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)應(ying)用(yong)于密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)毒介質,由(you)于操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不需要(yao)(yao)復雜的(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑冷卻系統,可以干運行(xing),得(de)到廣泛(fan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。干磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括(kuo)(kuo)有(you)外(wai)(wai)罩及(ji)(ji)架設(she)于外(wai)(wai)罩上且可呈相對旋轉及(ji)(ji)貼合的(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環及(ji)(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環,靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環與外(wai)(wai)罩固定連(lian)接,靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環及(ji)(ji)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環上分開設(she)有(you)供旋轉軸(zhou)(zhou)安(an)裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)通孔,且動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環與靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環貼合的(de)(de)(de)(de)端面(mian)(mian)(mian)分別為動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)及(ji)(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian),外(wai)(wai)罩上設(she)有(you)促使(shi)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環與靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)貼合的(de)(de)(de)(de)彈性抵壓(ya)件。除了要(yao)(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)(mian)平行(xing)之外(wai)(wai),主(zhu)(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是摩擦副的(de)(de)(de)(de)材料問題。
摩擦材料應(ying)具備下列條件(jian):
(1)機(ji)械強度高,能(neng)耐壓(ya)和耐壓(ya)力變(bian)形;
(2)具有耐(nai)干磨(mo)性(xing),耐(nai)高載(zai)荷性(xing),自潤滑性(xing)好;
(3)配對材料的磨(mo)合性好(hao),無(wu)過大的磨(mo)損和對偶腐蝕(shi);
(4)耐(nai)磨性好(hao),摩(mo)擦材料雖然是(shi)易損件(jian),起到保(bao)護(hu)制動(dong)或(huo)傳(chuan)動(dong)裝(zhuang)置的(de)作(zuo)用,但要求具有(you)一定的(de)耐(nai)磨性,使用壽(shou)命盡量要長,刮傷、腐蝕(shi)和粘附(fu)對偶,都會造成制動(dong)或(huo)傳(chuan)動(dong)的(de)震(zhen)動(dong)和不穩定;
(5)導(dao)(dao)熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)和散熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好,導(dao)(dao)熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)是傳導(dao)(dao)熱(re)量的能(neng)力大小,即包括吸(xi)熱(re),也包括散熱(re),所以,導(dao)(dao)熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)好的必然散熱(re)性(xing)(xing)(xing)也好;
(6)抗熱裂(lie)性好(hao),根本解決抗熱裂(lie)性問題可能需要改(gai)變封孔(kong)方法;
(7)耐腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)強,一些有色金屬合金能將良好(hao)的摩擦學(xue)特性(xing)(xing)(xing)與有些流體的耐腐蝕性(xing)(xing)(xing)結合;
(8)線(xian)膨脹系(xi)數小(xiao),熱膨脹會造成摩(mo)擦(ca)材料與摩(mo)擦(ca)對偶之間的間隙過小(xiao),發生(sheng)拖摩(mo),損毀(hui)制動(dong)、傳動(dong)裝置。