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發布時(shi)間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:128175 來源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改集(ji)式密封是指通過預緊(jin)(jin)(jin)或(huo)介質壓(ya)(ya)力(li)的(de)(de)自緊(jin)(jin)(jin)作用(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與(yu)轉動(dong)件(jian)及固(gu)(gu)定(ding)件(jian)之間產生壓(ya)(ya)緊(jin)(jin)(jin)力(li)的(de)(de)動(dong)密封裝置(zhi)。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函密封”。結構形式較(jiao)多,主要由填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱和填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)件(jian)組(zu)成(cheng)。常用(yong)的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有(you)石棉織(zhi)物、碳纖維(wei)、橡膠、柔性石墨和工程塑(su)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等,預制成(cheng)環狀或(huo)條狀(有(you)的(de)(de)需預先(xian)浸漬潤滑性好的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)充物),并采用(yong)多環或(huo)螺旋狀多層結構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱用(yong)以安置(zhi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固(gu)(gu)定(ding)件(jian)包括壓(ya)(ya)蓋、螺栓和彈(dan)簧(huang)等,用(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)預緊(jin)(jin)(jin),工作時阻止介質外漏(lou),彈(dan)簧(huang)可(ke)起補償作用(yong)。
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)裝入填(tian)(tian)料(liao)腔以后,經壓(ya)蓋螺絲對(dui)它作軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)向壓(ya)縮,當軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)有相(xiang)對(dui)運動(dong)時,由于(yu)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)塑性,使(shi)它產生徑向力,并與(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)緊密接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)。與(yu)此同時,填(tian)(tian)料(liao)中浸漬(zi)的(de)(de)潤(run)滑劑被擠(ji)出,在接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)面之間形成(cheng)(cheng)油(you)(you)膜。由于(yu)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)狀態并不是(shi)(shi)特別均勻的(de)(de),接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位便(bian)出現“邊界潤(run)滑”狀態,稱為“軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承效(xiao)(xiao)應”;而(er)未(wei)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)凹(ao)部(bu)(bu)(bu)形成(cheng)(cheng)小油(you)(you)槽(cao),有較厚(hou)的(de)(de)油(you)(you)膜,接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位與(yu)非接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)部(bu)(bu)(bu)位組成(cheng)(cheng)一道不規(gui)則的(de)(de)迷宮(gong),起(qi)阻止液流泄(xie)漏(lou)的(de)(de)作用,此稱“迷宮(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)應”。這就是(shi)(shi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)密封的(de)(de)機理。顯(xian)然,良好(hao)的(de)(de)密封在于(yu)維(wei)持(chi)“軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)承效(xiao)(xiao)應”和(he)“迷宮(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)應”。也就是(shi)(shi)說,要保持(chi)良好(hao)的(de)(de)潤(run)滑和(he)適當的(de)(de)壓(ya)緊。若潤(run)滑不良,或壓(ya)得(de)過緊都會使(shi)油(you)(you)膜中斷,造成(cheng)(cheng)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)與(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)之間出現干摩擦,最后導致燒軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)和(he)出現嚴重磨損。
為此(ci)(ci),需要經常對填料(liao)(liao)的(de)壓(ya)緊(jin)程度進(jin)行(xing)(xing)調整,以便填料(liao)(liao)中(zhong)的(de)潤滑劑在運行(xing)(xing)一段時(shi)間流失之后,再(zai)擠(ji)出一些(xie)潤滑劑,同時(shi)補償(chang)填料(liao)(liao)因體積變化所(suo)(suo)造成(cheng)的(de)壓(ya)緊(jin)力松弛(chi)。顯然(ran),這樣(yang)經常擠(ji)壓(ya)填料(liao)(liao),最終(zhong)將使(shi)浸漬劑枯竭,所(suo)(suo)以定(ding)期(qi)更換填料(liao)(liao)是(shi)必要的(de)。此(ci)(ci)外,為了維持液膜和(he)帶(dai)走(zou)摩擦熱,有意讓填料(liao)(liao)處有少量泄漏也是(shi)必要的(de)。