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合作干磨密封解決了摩擦熱過高的問題

發布(bu)時(shi)間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣(qi):94718 來(lai)源(yuan):

  在使用過程中,大多數合作機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,合作機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。合作機械密封端面(mian)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)的(de)工況一(yi)般分為:流體摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)、混(hun)合摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)和(he)邊界摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)三類,但不能長時(shi)間(jian)干(gan)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)。干(gan)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)狀態(tai)時(shi),兩端面(mian)間(jian)的(de)固體表面(mian)微凸體將(jiang)直接接觸(chu)而引(yin)起劇烈的(de)磨(mo)損(sun)。磨(mo)損(sun)時(shi)一(yi)方面(mian)會使摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)表面(mian)物質(zhi)喪失(shi)或遷移,導致表面(mian)損(sun)壞;另一(yi)方面(mian)會產生大量的(de)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱直至燒毀密封(feng)。在無(wu)流體介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)工況下,如何減少磨(mo)損(sun)降低(di)摩(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱,那就要(yao)依靠干(gan)磨(mo)密封(feng)了。


  干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)(yu)(yu)浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的一(yi)種,常用材(cai)質為耐磨(mo)(mo)碳精,結構(gou)包括環(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和環(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內(nei)(nei)有(you)環(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)槽(cao),槽(cao)內(nei)(nei)至少裝有(you)二個截面(mian)(mian)為矩形(xing)的環(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan),石(shi)(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)的內(nei)(nei)徑(jing)與環(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套之間(jian)有(you)0.01-0.04的間(jian)隙,軸(zhou)套外表面(mian)(mian)涂(tu)(tu)有(you)耐磨(mo)(mo)涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng),涂(tu)(tu)層(ceng)材(cai)料(liao)一(yi)般(ban)為三氧化(hua)(hua)二鋁(lv)或(huo)三氧化(hua)(hua)二鉻。干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)時需(xu)要(yao)(yao)增(zeng)加隔(ge)離氣(qi),通(tong)常使用氮(dan)(dan)氣(qi),氮(dan)(dan)氣(qi)耗量能控制在25-40。主要(yao)(yao)應(ying)用于(yu)(yu)(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有(you)毒介質,由(you)于(yu)(yu)(yu)操(cao)作(zuo)維修(xiu)簡(jian)單(dan),密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不需(xu)要(yao)(yao)復(fu)雜的潤(run)滑冷卻(que)系統,可以干運行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing),得到廣泛的應(ying)用。干磨(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括有(you)外罩(zhao)及(ji)架設于(yu)(yu)(yu)外罩(zhao)上(shang)且可呈相(xiang)對旋轉(zhuan)及(ji)貼(tie)(tie)合(he)的動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)及(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan),靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)與外罩(zhao)固定(ding)連接,靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)及(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)上(shang)分(fen)開設有(you)供旋轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)安裝的通(tong)孔,且動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)貼(tie)(tie)合(he)的端面(mian)(mian)分(fen)別為動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)及(ji)靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian),外罩(zhao)上(shang)設有(you)促使動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)與靜(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)(tie)合(he)的彈(dan)性抵(di)壓(ya)件。除了要(yao)(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)(mian)平行(xing)(xing)(xing)(xing)之外,主要(yao)(yao)是摩擦(ca)副的材(cai)料(liao)問題。

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  摩擦材料應具備下(xia)列條件(jian):


  (1)機械強度高,能耐壓和(he)耐壓力變形;


  (2)具有耐(nai)干磨(mo)性(xing)(xing),耐(nai)高載荷性(xing)(xing),自潤(run)滑(hua)性(xing)(xing)好;


  (3)配對材料的磨合性好,無過大(da)的磨損和對偶腐(fu)蝕;


  (4)耐磨(mo)性好,摩(mo)擦材料雖(sui)然(ran)是易損(sun)件,起到保護制動(dong)(dong)或傳動(dong)(dong)裝置的(de)作(zuo)用,但要求具有(you)一定的(de)耐磨(mo)性,使用壽(shou)命盡量(liang)要長,刮傷、腐蝕和粘附對偶,都會造成制動(dong)(dong)或傳動(dong)(dong)的(de)震(zhen)動(dong)(dong)和不穩(wen)定;


  (5)導熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)和散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)好(hao)(hao),導熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)是傳導熱(re)(re)(re)(re)量(liang)的能力大小,即(ji)包括吸熱(re)(re)(re)(re),也包括散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re),所(suo)以,導熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)好(hao)(hao)的必然散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)(re)性(xing)也好(hao)(hao);


  (6)抗熱(re)(re)裂性(xing)(xing)好(hao),根(gen)本解(jie)決(jue)抗熱(re)(re)裂性(xing)(xing)問題可能需(xu)要(yao)改變封(feng)孔方法;


  (7)耐腐(fu)蝕性強,一些(xie)有色(se)金屬合(he)金能將良好(hao)的摩擦(ca)學特性與有些(xie)流(liu)體(ti)的耐腐(fu)蝕性結合(he);


  (8)線膨脹系(xi)數小(xiao),熱膨脹會造成摩(mo)擦材料與(yu)摩(mo)擦對偶之間(jian)的(de)間(jian)隙過小(xiao),發生拖(tuo)摩(mo),損毀制動(dong)、傳動(dong)裝置。