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發(fa)布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:98595 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數紅毛鎮機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,紅毛鎮機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。紅毛鎮機械密封端面摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)的(de)工況(kuang)(kuang)一(yi)般分為:流體摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)、混合摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)和(he)邊界摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)三類,但不能長(chang)時間干摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)。干摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)狀(zhuang)態時,兩端面間的(de)固體表(biao)面微(wei)凸(tu)體將直接(jie)接(jie)觸(chu)而(er)引起劇烈的(de)磨(mo)損(sun)。磨(mo)損(sun)時一(yi)方面會(hui)使摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)表(biao)面物(wu)質喪失或遷移(yi),導(dao)致表(biao)面損(sun)壞;另一(yi)方面會(hui)產生大(da)量的(de)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱直至(zhi)燒(shao)毀密(mi)封(feng)。在無(wu)流體介質的(de)工況(kuang)(kuang)下,如何減少(shao)磨(mo)損(sun)降低摩(mo)(mo)(mo)擦(ca)(ca)熱,那就要依靠(kao)干磨(mo)密(mi)封(feng)了。
干磨(mo)(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一種,常(chang)用(yong)材(cai)質為耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)碳精,結構包括(kuo)(kuo)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)和環(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體(ti)內有(you)(you)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)槽,槽內至(zhi)少裝有(you)(you)二(er)個截面(mian)為矩形的(de)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),石墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)的(de)內徑與(yu)(yu)環(huan)(huan)行(xing)軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)套之間有(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)間隙,軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)套外表面(mian)涂有(you)(you)耐(nai)磨(mo)(mo)(mo)涂層,涂層材(cai)料一般為三(san)氧(yang)化二(er)鋁或三(san)氧(yang)化二(er)鉻。干磨(mo)(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)時需要(yao)(yao)增加隔離(li)氣,通(tong)常(chang)使用(yong)氮(dan)氣,氮(dan)氣耗量能控制(zhi)在25-40。主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)應用(yong)于密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易(yi)燃有(you)(you)毒(du)介質,由于操作維修簡(jian)單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好,不需要(yao)(yao)復雜的(de)潤(run)滑冷卻系統,可以干運(yun)行(xing),得到廣泛(fan)的(de)應用(yong)。干磨(mo)(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包括(kuo)(kuo)有(you)(you)外罩及(ji)架設于外罩上且可呈相對(dui)旋(xuan)轉及(ji)貼(tie)(tie)合的(de)動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)外罩固定連接,靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)及(ji)動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)上分開設有(you)(you)供(gong)旋(xuan)轉軸(zhou)(zhou)(zhou)安裝的(de)通(tong)孔(kong),且動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)貼(tie)(tie)合的(de)端面(mian)分別為動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)及(ji)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian),外罩上設有(you)(you)促使動(dong)(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)與(yu)(yu)靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)緊(jin)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)(tie)合的(de)彈(dan)性抵壓件。除(chu)了要(yao)(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面(mian)平(ping)行(xing)之外,主(zhu)要(yao)(yao)是摩擦副的(de)材(cai)料問題。
摩(mo)擦材料應具備下列條件:
(1)機械強度高(gao),能耐(nai)(nai)壓和耐(nai)(nai)壓力變形;
(2)具有(you)耐干磨性(xing),耐高載荷性(xing),自(zi)潤滑性(xing)好;
(3)配(pei)對材(cai)料的磨合性好,無過大的磨損和對偶腐(fu)蝕;
(4)耐磨性好(hao),摩(mo)擦(ca)材料雖然是易損件,起到保護(hu)制(zhi)動(dong)或(huo)傳動(dong)裝(zhuang)置的(de)作用(yong),但(dan)要求(qiu)具有一(yi)定的(de)耐磨性,使用(yong)壽命盡(jin)量要長,刮(gua)傷(shang)、腐蝕和粘附對偶,都(dou)會造成制(zhi)動(dong)或(huo)傳動(dong)的(de)震動(dong)和不(bu)穩(wen)定;
(5)導熱(re)性和散(san)熱(re)性好(hao),導熱(re)性是(shi)傳(chuan)導熱(re)量的(de)能力大小,即(ji)包括吸熱(re),也包括散(san)熱(re),所以,導熱(re)性好(hao)的(de)必然(ran)散(san)熱(re)性也好(hao);
(6)抗(kang)熱裂(lie)性(xing)好,根本解決抗(kang)熱裂(lie)性(xing)問題可能需要改變封(feng)孔方法;
(7)耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)強,一(yi)些有(you)(you)色金(jin)屬合金(jin)能將良(liang)好的摩擦學特性(xing)(xing)與有(you)(you)些流體的耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)(xing)結合;
(8)線膨脹系(xi)數小,熱膨脹會造(zao)成(cheng)摩(mo)擦(ca)材料與摩(mo)擦(ca)對偶之(zhi)間的間隙過小,發生(sheng)拖摩(mo),損毀(hui)制動(dong)、傳(chuan)動(dong)裝置。