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發布時(shi)間(jian):2021-06-01 15:16:25 人氣(qi):181267 來源:川工密封
湟中機械密封是一(yi)種(zhong)依靠彈(dan)性(xing)元件(jian)對(dui)動、靜(jing)環(huan)端(duan)(duan)面(mian)密(mi)(mi)封副的(de)預緊和(he)介質壓(ya)(ya)力(li)與彈(dan)性(xing)元件(jian)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)緊而達到密(mi)(mi)封的(de)軸向端(duan)(duan)面(mian)密(mi)(mi)封裝置。動環(huan)和(he)靜(jing)環(huan)的(de)端(duan)(duan)面(mian)組成(cheng)一(yi)對(dui)摩(mo)擦副,動環(huan)靠密(mi)(mi)封室(shi)中液(ye)體(ti)的(de)壓(ya)(ya)力(li)使其端(duan)(duan)面(mian)壓(ya)(ya)緊在靜(jing)環(huan)端(duan)(duan)面(mian)上,并在兩(liang)環(huan)端(duan)(duan)面(mian)上產(chan)生適當的(de)比壓(ya)(ya)和(he)保持一(yi)層極薄的(de)液(ye)體(ti)膜而達到密(mi)(mi)封的(de)目的(de)。
常用湟中機械密封結構由靜(jing)止環(huan)(huan)(靜(jing)環(huan)(huan))、旋轉環(huan)(huan)(動環(huan)(huan))、彈(dan)(dan)性元件、彈(dan)(dan)簧座、固(gu)(gu)緊(jin)件、旋轉環(huan)(huan)輔助(zhu)密封圈(quan)(quan)和靜(jing)止環(huan)(huan)輔助(zhu)密封圈(quan)(quan)等元件組(zu)成,防轉銷固(gu)(gu)定在壓蓋(gai)上以防止靜(jing)止環(huan)(huan)轉動。這些元件都有哪些作用呢?
(1)動(dong)(dong)(dong)、靜(jing)環(huan):保持緊密貼(tie)合組成密封面防(fang)止(zhi)介質泄漏。要(yao)求動(dong)(dong)(dong)、靜(jing)環(huan)具(ju)有(you)良好的耐磨性動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)可(ke)以(yi)軸向移(yi)動(dong)(dong)(dong),自動(dong)(dong)(dong)補(bu)償密封面磨損,使之與靜(jing)環(huan)良好地(di)貼(tie)合,靜(jing)環(huan)有(you)浮動(dong)(dong)(dong)性,起(qi)緩(huan)沖(chong)作用(yong)。
(2)彈性元件(彈簧、波紋板、蛇形套等):主要作用是對密封端面產生一定的預緊壓力,使端面在啟動、停車和介質壓力波動時能保持良好的接合。同時用來克服輔助密封圈與軸之間的摩擦力,使補償環沿軸向移動,以補償端面磨損后形成的間隙。此外,還可對軸的跳動等引起的振動起一定的緩沖作用。用的彈性元件有圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧、波形片彈簧、蝶形彈簧和波紋管。其中圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧使用廣。波形彈簧和蝶形彈簧具有軸向尺寸小,剛度大,結構緊湊的優點,但軸向位移和彈簧力較小,一般適用于軸向尺寸要求很緊湊的輕型湟中機械密封。波形(xing)管常(chang)用于高溫(wen)、低溫(wen)、強腐蝕等特殊條件。
(3)輔助密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(0形(xing)(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)、V形(xing)(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)、楔形(xing)(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及其他(ta)異形(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)):主要起到靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)和動環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)作(zuo)用(yong),同(tong)時也起到浮動性(xing)(xing)和緩沖的(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong)。要求靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)輔助密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)元件保證靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與壓蓋之間的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)(xing),使(shi)靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)有一定的(de)(de)浮動性(xing)(xing),動環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)(de)輔助密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)元件保證動環(huan)(huan)(huan)與軸或軸套之間的(de)(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng).材料要求耐熱、耐寒方(fang)面與介質接近。
(4)傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)件:傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)件包括傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)銷(xiao)、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)座(zuo)、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)套(tao)、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)鍵、傳(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)突耳或牙嵌(qian)式聯接器(qi),其作(zuo)用是將軸(zhou)的轉(zhuan)矩傳(chuan)(chuan)給動(dong)(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan),材料要求耐(nai)腐蝕和耐(nai)磨損。
(5)固(gu)緊件:包括緊定螺釘、彈簧座、壓蓋、組(zu)裝套、軸套。起著靜、動(dong)環的(de)(de)定位(wei)、固(gu)緊作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。要求定位(wei)正確,保證摩擦(ca)副密(mi)封(feng)面(mian)處(chu)(chu)于正確的(de)(de)位(wei)置,并且保持良好(hao)貼合的(de)(de)彈簧比壓,同時(shi)要求拆(chai)裝方便,容(rong)易就位(wei),能重復(fu)使用(yong)(yong),與輔助密(mi)封(feng)配合處(chu)(chu)應注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)安裝密(mi)封(feng)環的(de)(de)倒角和壓彈量,特(te)別注(zhu)意(yi)(yi)動(dong)環密(mi)封(feng)圈與軸套配合處(chu)(chu)要求耐腐蝕和耐磨損,必要時(shi)采(cai)用(yong)(yong)硬(ying)面(mian)復(fu)層。
介紹完了湟中機械密封的基本元件,接下來看看密封失效都會發生在哪些元件處。湟中機械密封的泄漏(lou)點基本上(shang)都(dou)表(biao)現在(zai)6處:①動、靜(jing)環(huan)端面處;②靜(jing)環(huan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)靜(jing)環(huan)盒的輔助密封(feng)處;③靜(jing)環(huan)壓蓋與(yu)(yu)(yu)離心泵(beng)泵(beng)體(ti)之(zhi)間(jian)的密封(feng)處;④動環(huan)鑲嵌結構配合處;⑤軸(zhou)套與(yu)(yu)(yu)泵(beng)軸(zhou)之(zhi)間(jian)的密封(feng)處;⑥動環(huan)與(yu)(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)套的輔助密封(feng)處。
注意:⑤和⑥只有在安裝軸套時才存在。