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發布(bu)時間:2021-12-20 14:58:59 人氣:100302 來(lai)源(yuan):
湖濱機械密封是一(yi)種依靠彈(dan)性(xing)元件對(dui)動、靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)端面(mian)密封(feng)(feng)副(fu)的預緊(jin)和(he)介(jie)質壓(ya)力與彈(dan)性(xing)元件壓(ya)力的壓(ya)緊(jin)而達(da)到密封(feng)(feng)的軸向端面(mian)密封(feng)(feng)裝置。動環(huan)(huan)(huan)和(he)靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的端面(mian)組成一(yi)對(dui)摩擦副(fu),動環(huan)(huan)(huan)靠密封(feng)(feng)室中液體的壓(ya)力使其端面(mian)壓(ya)緊(jin)在(zai)靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)端面(mian)上(shang),并在(zai)兩環(huan)(huan)(huan)端面(mian)上(shang)產(chan)生(sheng)適(shi)當(dang)的比壓(ya)和(he)保持一(yi)層極薄的液體膜而達(da)到密封(feng)(feng)的目的。
常用湖濱機械密封結構由靜(jing)止環(huan)(靜(jing)環(huan))、旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)環(huan)(動(dong)環(huan))、彈(dan)性(xing)元(yuan)件(jian)、彈(dan)簧座、固(gu)緊件(jian)、旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)環(huan)輔助密封圈(quan)和(he)靜(jing)止環(huan)輔助密封圈(quan)等元(yuan)件(jian)組成,防(fang)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)銷(xiao)固(gu)定在(zai)壓蓋上以防(fang)止靜(jing)止環(huan)轉(zhuan)(zhuan)動(dong)。這些(xie)元(yuan)件(jian)都有(you)哪些(xie)作(zuo)用(yong)呢?
(1)動(dong)、靜環:保(bao)持緊密(mi)貼合(he)組成(cheng)密(mi)封(feng)面(mian)防止介質泄漏。要求動(dong)、靜環具有(you)良好的耐(nai)磨性(xing)動(dong)環可(ke)以軸(zhou)向移動(dong),自動(dong)補償密(mi)封(feng)面(mian)磨損,使之與靜環良好地貼合(he),靜環有(you)浮(fu)動(dong)性(xing),起緩沖作用。
(2)彈性元件(彈簧、波紋板、蛇形套等):主要作用是對密封端面產生一定的預緊壓力,使端面在啟動、停車和介質壓力波動時能保持良好的接合。同時用來克服輔助密封圈與軸之間的摩擦力,使補償環沿軸向移動,以補償端面磨損后形成的間隙。此外,還可對軸的跳動等引起的振動起一定的緩沖作用。用的彈性元件有圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧、波形片彈簧、蝶形彈簧和波紋管。其中圓柱螺旋壓縮彈簧使用廣。波形彈簧和蝶形彈簧具有軸向尺寸小,剛度大,結構緊湊的優點,但軸向位移和彈簧力較小,一般適用于軸向尺寸要求很緊湊的輕型湖濱機械密封。波形(xing)管常用于高溫、低溫、強腐蝕等特(te)殊條件。
(3)輔(fu)助密(mi)封(feng)(0形(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)、V形(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)、楔形(xing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及其他(ta)異形(xing)密(mi)封(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)):主要起到靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)和(he)動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)密(mi)封(feng)作用,同時也起到浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)性(xing)(xing)和(he)緩沖的(de)作用。要求靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)輔(fu)助密(mi)封(feng)元件(jian)保(bao)證靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)壓蓋之間的(de)密(mi)封(feng)性(xing)(xing),使靜(jing)環(huan)(huan)(huan)有一定的(de)浮(fu)動(dong)(dong)性(xing)(xing),動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)輔(fu)助密(mi)封(feng)元件(jian)保(bao)證動(dong)(dong)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與(yu)軸(zhou)或軸(zhou)套(tao)之間的(de)密(mi)封(feng).材料(liao)要求耐熱、耐寒方(fang)面與(yu)介質接近。
(4)傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)件:傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)件包括傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)銷、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan)、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)座、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)套、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)鍵、傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)動(dong)(dong)(dong)突耳(er)或牙嵌(qian)式聯接器,其(qi)作(zuo)用是將軸的轉矩傳(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)(chuan)給(gei)動(dong)(dong)(dong)環(huan),材料(liao)要求耐腐蝕和耐磨損。
(5)固緊(jin)件:包括(kuo)緊(jin)定螺釘、彈簧座、壓蓋、組裝(zhuang)(zhuang)套(tao)、軸套(tao)。起著靜、動(dong)(dong)環的(de)定位(wei)(wei)、固緊(jin)作用(yong)。要(yao)求定位(wei)(wei)正確,保證摩擦副密(mi)(mi)封(feng)面處(chu)于正確的(de)位(wei)(wei)置,并且保持良好(hao)貼合(he)(he)的(de)彈簧比壓,同時要(yao)求拆(chai)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)方便,容易(yi)就位(wei)(wei),能重復使用(yong),與輔(fu)助(zhu)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)配合(he)(he)處(chu)應(ying)注(zhu)意安(an)裝(zhuang)(zhuang)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)環的(de)倒角和(he)壓彈量,特別(bie)注(zhu)意動(dong)(dong)環密(mi)(mi)封(feng)圈與軸套(tao)配合(he)(he)處(chu)要(yao)求耐腐蝕和(he)耐磨損,必要(yao)時采用(yong)硬面復層。
介紹完了湖濱機械密封的基本元件,接下來看看密封失效都會發生在哪些元件處。湖濱機械密封的(de)泄漏(lou)點基本(ben)上都(dou)表(biao)現在(zai)6處(chu)(chu):①動(dong)、靜(jing)環端面(mian)處(chu)(chu);②靜(jing)環與(yu)靜(jing)環盒的(de)輔助密(mi)(mi)封(feng)處(chu)(chu);③靜(jing)環壓蓋與(yu)離心泵泵體之間的(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)處(chu)(chu);④動(dong)環鑲嵌結構配合處(chu)(chu);⑤軸套與(yu)泵軸之間的(de)密(mi)(mi)封(feng)處(chu)(chu);⑥動(dong)環與(yu)軸套的(de)輔助密(mi)(mi)封(feng)處(chu)(chu)。
注意(yi):⑤和(he)⑥只有在(zai)安裝軸套時才存在(zai)。