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發(fa)布(bu)時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:98773 來源:
在使用過程中,大多數琿春機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,琿春機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。琿春機械密封端面(mian)(mian)(mian)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦的(de)工況(kuang)一般分為(wei):流體(ti)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦、混合摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦和邊界摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦三類,但不能長時間(jian)(jian)干摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦。干摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦狀態時,兩(liang)端面(mian)(mian)(mian)間(jian)(jian)的(de)固體(ti)表面(mian)(mian)(mian)微凸(tu)體(ti)將直(zhi)接接觸而(er)引起劇(ju)烈的(de)磨損。磨損時一方面(mian)(mian)(mian)會使摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦表面(mian)(mian)(mian)物質(zhi)喪失或遷(qian)移,導致表面(mian)(mian)(mian)損壞;另一方面(mian)(mian)(mian)會產(chan)生(sheng)大量的(de)摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦熱直(zhi)至燒毀(hui)密封(feng)(feng)。在(zai)無流體(ti)介(jie)質(zhi)的(de)工況(kuang)下(xia),如何(he)減少磨損降低摩(mo)(mo)(mo)(mo)擦熱,那就要依靠干磨密封(feng)(feng)了。
干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬于(yu)浮動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)一(yi)種(zhong),常用(yong)材質為(wei)耐(nai)磨碳精,結構包(bao)括環(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和環(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao)(tao)(tao),密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內(nei)(nei)(nei)有(you)(you)環(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)槽,槽內(nei)(nei)(nei)至少裝有(you)(you)二(er)個截面為(wei)矩形的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)環(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan),石(shi)墨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)內(nei)(nei)(nei)徑(jing)與環(huan)行(xing)(xing)(xing)軸(zhou)套(tao)(tao)(tao)之(zhi)間有(you)(you)0.01-0.04的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)間隙,軸(zhou)套(tao)(tao)(tao)外(wai)(wai)表(biao)面涂有(you)(you)耐(nai)磨涂層,涂層材料(liao)一(yi)般為(wei)三氧(yang)化(hua)二(er)鋁或三氧(yang)化(hua)二(er)鉻。干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有(you)(you)時需要(yao)(yao)增加(jia)隔(ge)離氣(qi),通常使用(yong)氮氣(qi),氮氣(qi)耗(hao)量能(neng)控制在25-40。主要(yao)(yao)應(ying)用(yong)于(yu)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易(yi)燃有(you)(you)毒介質,由(you)于(yu)操作維修簡單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性好(hao),不需要(yao)(yao)復雜(za)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑冷卻(que)系統,可以干(gan)運(yun)行(xing)(xing)(xing),得到廣泛的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)應(ying)用(yong)。干(gan)磨密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包(bao)括有(you)(you)外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)及(ji)(ji)架設于(yu)外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)上且可呈相對(dui)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)及(ji)(ji)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)及(ji)(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan),靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)與外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)固定連接,靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)及(ji)(ji)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)上分開(kai)設有(you)(you)供(gong)旋(xuan)轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)安裝的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)通孔(kong),且動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)與靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)端面分別為(wei)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面及(ji)(ji)靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面,外(wai)(wai)罩(zhao)(zhao)上設有(you)(you)促使動(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)與靜(jing)(jing)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合(he)的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)彈性抵壓(ya)件(jian)。除(chu)了要(yao)(yao)保持密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面平行(xing)(xing)(xing)之(zhi)外(wai)(wai),主要(yao)(yao)是摩(mo)擦副的(de)(de)(de)(de)(de)材料(liao)問題。
摩擦材料應(ying)具備下列(lie)條件:
(1)機械強度(du)高,能耐壓和(he)耐壓力變形;
(2)具(ju)有(you)耐(nai)干(gan)磨性,耐(nai)高載荷性,自潤(run)滑性好(hao);
(3)配對材料的(de)磨合(he)性(xing)好(hao),無過大的(de)磨損(sun)和對偶腐蝕;
(4)耐磨(mo)性好,摩(mo)擦材料雖然是易(yi)損件(jian),起到(dao)保護制動(dong)或傳(chuan)動(dong)裝置(zhi)的作(zuo)用,但要求具有一定(ding)的耐磨(mo)性,使用壽命盡(jin)量要長,刮(gua)傷、腐蝕(shi)和粘附對偶,都會造成(cheng)制動(dong)或傳(chuan)動(dong)的震(zhen)動(dong)和不穩定(ding);
(5)導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)和散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)好(hao),導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)是傳導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)量的能力大(da)小,即包括(kuo)吸(xi)熱(re)(re)(re),也包括(kuo)散(san)熱(re)(re)(re),所以,導(dao)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)好(hao)的必然散(san)熱(re)(re)(re)性(xing)(xing)也好(hao);
(6)抗(kang)熱裂(lie)性(xing)好,根本解決抗(kang)熱裂(lie)性(xing)問(wen)題可(ke)能(neng)需要改變封孔方法;
(7)耐腐(fu)蝕性強,一些有(you)色金(jin)(jin)屬合金(jin)(jin)能將良好(hao)的(de)(de)摩擦學特(te)性與有(you)些流體的(de)(de)耐腐(fu)蝕性結合;
(8)線膨(peng)脹系數小,熱膨(peng)脹會造成摩擦材料(liao)與摩擦對偶(ou)之間(jian)的間(jian)隙過小,發生拖摩,損毀制動、傳動裝(zhuang)置。