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發布時間:2021-12-17 11:48:10 人氣:98660 來源(yuan):
在使用過程中,大多數建昌機械密封都屬于接觸式密封,其機理是靠動密封環與靜密封環的接觸端面在密封流體壓力和彈性元件壓緊力的作用下緊密貼合,并相對滑動而達到密封。工作時,建昌機械密封端面上同時發生摩擦、滑動與磨損等現象,摩擦是它的基本特征。建昌機械密封端面(mian)(mian)摩(mo)擦(ca)的(de)工(gong)況一般分為:流體(ti)摩(mo)擦(ca)、混合(he)摩(mo)擦(ca)和邊(bian)界摩(mo)擦(ca)三類,但(dan)不能長時間干摩(mo)擦(ca)。干摩(mo)擦(ca)狀態時,兩端面(mian)(mian)間的(de)固體(ti)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)微(wei)凸(tu)體(ti)將直(zhi)接(jie)接(jie)觸而引起劇烈的(de)磨(mo)損(sun)。磨(mo)損(sun)時一方面(mian)(mian)會使(shi)摩(mo)擦(ca)表(biao)面(mian)(mian)物質喪失(shi)或遷移,導致表(biao)面(mian)(mian)損(sun)壞;另一方面(mian)(mian)會產生大量(liang)的(de)摩(mo)擦(ca)熱(re)直(zhi)至燒毀密封。在無(wu)流體(ti)介(jie)質的(de)工(gong)況下(xia),如何(he)減少磨(mo)損(sun)降(jiang)低(di)摩(mo)擦(ca)熱(re),那(nei)就(jiu)要依(yi)靠干磨(mo)密封了(le)。
干磨(mo)(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)屬(shu)于浮動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)的(de)一種,常(chang)用材質為(wei)(wei)耐磨(mo)(mo)(mo)碳精,結構包(bao)括(kuo)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體和環(huan)(huan)(huan)行軸(zhou)套,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)腔體內(nei)有環(huan)(huan)(huan)行槽,槽內(nei)至少裝有二(er)個截面為(wei)(wei)矩形(xing)的(de)環(huan)(huan)(huan)行石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),石(shi)墨(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)的(de)內(nei)徑與環(huan)(huan)(huan)行軸(zhou)套之(zhi)(zhi)間有0.01-0.04的(de)間隙(xi),軸(zhou)套外表(biao)面涂有耐磨(mo)(mo)(mo)涂層,涂層材料一般(ban)為(wei)(wei)三氧化二(er)鋁(lv)或(huo)三氧化二(er)鉻。干磨(mo)(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)有時需要(yao)(yao)(yao)增(zeng)加隔離(li)氣,通常(chang)使用氮氣,氮氣耗量能控制在25-40。主要(yao)(yao)(yao)應(ying)用于密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)易燃有毒介質,由于操作維(wei)修簡(jian)單,密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)性(xing)好,不需要(yao)(yao)(yao)復(fu)雜(za)的(de)潤滑冷卻系統(tong),可以干運行,得到廣泛的(de)應(ying)用。干磨(mo)(mo)(mo)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)包(bao)括(kuo)有外罩(zhao)及架設(she)于外罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)且可呈相對旋轉(zhuan)及貼(tie)合的(de)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan),靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與外罩(zhao)固定(ding)連接,靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)及動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)上(shang)(shang)分開設(she)有供旋轉(zhuan)軸(zhou)安裝的(de)通孔,且動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)貼(tie)合的(de)端(duan)面分別為(wei)(wei)動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面及靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面,外罩(zhao)上(shang)(shang)設(she)有促使動(dong)(dong)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)與靜密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)環(huan)(huan)(huan)緊密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)貼(tie)合的(de)彈(dan)性(xing)抵壓件。除了要(yao)(yao)(yao)保持(chi)密(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)(mi)封(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)(feng)面平行之(zhi)(zhi)外,主要(yao)(yao)(yao)是摩(mo)擦副的(de)材料問題。
摩擦材料應具備下列條件:
(1)機械強度高,能耐壓(ya)和耐壓(ya)力變形;
(2)具有耐干磨性(xing),耐高載(zai)荷性(xing),自潤滑性(xing)好;
(3)配(pei)對(dui)(dui)材料的磨合(he)性好,無過大(da)的磨損和對(dui)(dui)偶腐蝕;
(4)耐磨性好,摩擦材料雖然是(shi)易損件(jian),起(qi)到保護制(zhi)動或(huo)傳動裝置的作用,但要(yao)求(qiu)具有一定的耐磨性,使用壽命盡量要(yao)長,刮傷、腐蝕和(he)粘附對偶(ou),都會造成(cheng)制(zhi)動或(huo)傳動的震(zhen)動和(he)不穩定;
(5)導(dao)熱(re)(re)性和(he)散熱(re)(re)性好(hao),導(dao)熱(re)(re)性是傳導(dao)熱(re)(re)量的能力大小,即包括吸熱(re)(re),也包括散熱(re)(re),所(suo)以,導(dao)熱(re)(re)性好(hao)的必然散熱(re)(re)性也好(hao);
(6)抗(kang)熱(re)(re)裂(lie)(lie)性好,根本解決抗(kang)熱(re)(re)裂(lie)(lie)性問題可能需(xu)要改變(bian)封(feng)孔方法;
(7)耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)強,一些有色金屬合(he)金能將(jiang)良(liang)好的(de)(de)摩擦(ca)學特性(xing)與有些流體的(de)(de)耐腐蝕(shi)性(xing)結(jie)合(he);
(8)線(xian)膨脹系數小,熱膨脹會造成摩(mo)擦材(cai)料與(yu)摩(mo)擦對偶之間的(de)間隙過小,發生拖摩(mo),損(sun)毀(hui)制動(dong)(dong)、傳動(dong)(dong)裝置。