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建華分析要經常對填料改集式密封進行調整的原因

發布時(shi)間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:133644 來源:

  填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改集式密(mi)(mi)封是指(zhi)通過預(yu)緊(jin)或介質(zhi)壓力(li)的(de)自緊(jin)作用使(shi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與轉動(dong)件(jian)及固定(ding)件(jian)之間產生壓緊(jin)力(li)的(de)動(dong)密(mi)(mi)封裝置。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函密(mi)(mi)封”。結(jie)構(gou)形式較(jiao)多(duo),主要由(you)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)和填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固定(ding)件(jian)組(zu)成。常用的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)材(cai)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有石棉織物、碳纖維、橡(xiang)膠、柔性石墨(mo)和工程塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等,預(yu)制成環(huan)狀或條狀(有的(de)需預(yu)先浸漬(zi)潤滑(hua)性好(hao)的(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)充物),并采(cai)用多(duo)環(huan)或螺(luo)旋狀多(duo)層結(jie)構(gou)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)用以(yi)安置填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固定(ding)件(jian)包括壓蓋、螺(luo)栓和彈簧(huang)(huang)等,用以(yi)使(shi)填(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)預(yu)緊(jin),工作時(shi)阻止(zhi)介質(zhi)外漏,彈簧(huang)(huang)可起補(bu)償作用。

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  填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)裝入(ru)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)腔以后(hou)(hou),經壓蓋螺絲對(dui)它作(zuo)軸向(xiang)壓縮,當(dang)軸與填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)有(you)相對(dui)運(yun)動時(shi),由(you)于填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)塑(su)性,使它產(chan)生(sheng)徑向(xiang)力(li),并與軸緊(jin)密(mi)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)。與此同(tong)時(shi),填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)中(zhong)浸漬(zi)的(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)劑被擠出,在接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)面之間形(xing)成油膜。由(you)于接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)狀(zhuang)態并不是(shi)特別均勻的(de)(de)(de)(de),接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部位便(bian)出現(xian)(xian)“邊界潤滑(hua)”狀(zhuang)態,稱為“軸承(cheng)效(xiao)應(ying)”;而(er)未(wei)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)(de)(de)凹部形(xing)成小(xiao)油槽,有(you)較厚的(de)(de)(de)(de)油膜,接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部位與非(fei)接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)部位組成一道不規則的(de)(de)(de)(de)迷(mi)(mi)宮,起阻止(zhi)液流泄漏的(de)(de)(de)(de)作(zuo)用(yong),此稱“迷(mi)(mi)宮效(xiao)應(ying)”。這就是(shi)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)密(mi)封的(de)(de)(de)(de)機理。顯然,良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)密(mi)封在于維持“軸承(cheng)效(xiao)應(ying)”和“迷(mi)(mi)宮效(xiao)應(ying)”。也就是(shi)說,要保持良好(hao)(hao)的(de)(de)(de)(de)潤滑(hua)和適當(dang)的(de)(de)(de)(de)壓緊(jin)。若潤滑(hua)不良,或(huo)壓得(de)過緊(jin)都會使油膜中(zhong)斷,造成填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)與軸之間出現(xian)(xian)干摩擦(ca),最后(hou)(hou)導致燒(shao)軸和出現(xian)(xian)嚴重磨損。


  為(wei)此,需要(yao)經常(chang)對填(tian)料的(de)(de)壓(ya)緊程度進行調整(zheng),以便填(tian)料中的(de)(de)潤滑(hua)劑(ji)在運行一段時(shi)間流失之(zhi)后,再(zai)擠出一些潤滑(hua)劑(ji),同時(shi)補償填(tian)料因體積變化所造成的(de)(de)壓(ya)緊力松弛。顯然(ran),這樣經常(chang)擠壓(ya)填(tian)料,最終將使浸漬劑(ji)枯竭,所以定期(qi)更換填(tian)料是(shi)必要(yao)的(de)(de)。此外,為(wei)了維持液膜和帶走摩擦(ca)熱,有(you)(you)意讓填(tian)料處(chu)有(you)(you)少量泄漏(lou)也是(shi)必要(yao)的(de)(de)。