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發布時(shi)間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:133810 來源:
填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)改集式密封是指(zhi)通過預緊(jin)或介(jie)質(zhi)壓(ya)力的(de)(de)自緊(jin)作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)與轉動件(jian)及固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)之(zhi)間產生(sheng)壓(ya)緊(jin)力的(de)(de)動密封裝(zhuang)置。又稱“填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)函密封”。結構形(xing)式較(jiao)多(duo)(duo),主要(yao)由(you)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)、填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)箱(xiang)和(he)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)組成。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)材(cai)料(liao)有(you)石棉織物(wu)、碳(tan)纖維、橡膠(jiao)、柔(rou)性(xing)石墨和(he)工(gong)程塑料(liao)等,預制成環狀或條狀(有(you)的(de)(de)需預先浸漬潤滑(hua)性(xing)好的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)充物(wu)),并采(cai)用(yong)(yong)多(duo)(duo)環或螺旋狀多(duo)(duo)層結構。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)箱(xiang)用(yong)(yong)以安置填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)。填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)固(gu)定(ding)件(jian)包括壓(ya)蓋(gai)、螺栓和(he)彈簧等,用(yong)(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)(tian)(tian)料(liao)預緊(jin),工(gong)作(zuo)時阻止(zhi)介(jie)質(zhi)外(wai)漏,彈簧可起補償作(zuo)用(yong)(yong)。
填(tian)料裝入填(tian)料腔以后,經壓蓋螺絲對它作軸(zhou)(zhou)向壓縮,當軸(zhou)(zhou)與(yu)(yu)填(tian)料有相對運動(dong)時(shi),由(you)于(yu)填(tian)料的(de)(de)塑性,使它產生徑向力(li),并與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)緊(jin)密接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)。與(yu)(yu)此(ci)同(tong)時(shi),填(tian)料中(zhong)浸漬的(de)(de)潤滑劑(ji)被擠出(chu)(chu),在接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)面(mian)之(zhi)間形成油膜。由(you)于(yu)接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)狀態(tai)并不是(shi)特別均勻的(de)(de),接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)便出(chu)(chu)現“邊界潤滑”狀態(tai),稱為(wei)“軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)”;而未接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)的(de)(de)凹部形成小油槽,有較厚的(de)(de)油膜,接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)與(yu)(yu)非接(jie)(jie)(jie)(jie)觸(chu)部位(wei)組成一道(dao)不規(gui)則的(de)(de)迷(mi)宮(gong),起(qi)阻止液流泄(xie)漏(lou)的(de)(de)作用,此(ci)稱“迷(mi)宮(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)”。這就是(shi)填(tian)料密封的(de)(de)機(ji)理。顯然(ran),良好的(de)(de)密封在于(yu)維持(chi)(chi)“軸(zhou)(zhou)承(cheng)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)”和(he)“迷(mi)宮(gong)效(xiao)(xiao)應(ying)”。也就是(shi)說(shuo),要(yao)保(bao)持(chi)(chi)良好的(de)(de)潤滑和(he)適當的(de)(de)壓緊(jin)。若潤滑不良,或(huo)壓得過緊(jin)都會使油膜中(zhong)斷,造成填(tian)料與(yu)(yu)軸(zhou)(zhou)之(zhi)間出(chu)(chu)現干摩擦(ca),最后導致燒(shao)軸(zhou)(zhou)和(he)出(chu)(chu)現嚴重磨損。
為此,需要(yao)經常對填料(liao)(liao)的(de)壓緊程度(du)進(jin)行(xing)調(diao)整,以(yi)便(bian)填料(liao)(liao)中的(de)潤滑劑在運行(xing)一段時(shi)間流失(shi)之后,再擠出一些潤滑劑,同時(shi)補償填料(liao)(liao)因體(ti)積變(bian)化(hua)所造(zao)成(cheng)的(de)壓緊力松弛。顯然,這樣經常擠壓填料(liao)(liao),最終將使(shi)浸(jin)漬劑枯竭,所以(yi)定(ding)期(qi)更換填料(liao)(liao)是必(bi)要(yao)的(de)。此外,為了(le)維持(chi)液膜(mo)和帶走摩(mo)擦熱,有意讓(rang)填料(liao)(liao)處有少(shao)量(liang)泄漏也是必(bi)要(yao)的(de)。