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發布時間:2021-12-10 15:52:26 人氣:133813 來(lai)源:
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)改集式密(mi)封(feng)是指(zhi)通(tong)過預(yu)緊或介(jie)質(zhi)壓(ya)力的(de)(de)自緊作用(yong)(yong)使填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)與轉動件及固定件之間產生壓(ya)緊力的(de)(de)動密(mi)封(feng)裝(zhuang)置。又(you)稱“填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)函密(mi)封(feng)”。結構形式較多(duo),主(zhu)要(yao)由(you)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)、填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)和填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固定件組成。常用(yong)(yong)的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)材料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)有石(shi)棉織(zhi)物(wu)、碳(tan)纖維、橡膠、柔(rou)性(xing)石(shi)墨和工(gong)程(cheng)塑料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)等,預(yu)制成環狀(zhuang)(zhuang)或條狀(zhuang)(zhuang)(有的(de)(de)需預(yu)先(xian)浸漬(zi)潤(run)滑性(xing)好的(de)(de)填(tian)(tian)充物(wu)),并(bing)采用(yong)(yong)多(duo)環或螺(luo)旋狀(zhuang)(zhuang)多(duo)層結構。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)箱(xiang)用(yong)(yong)以安置填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)。填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)固定件包括(kuo)壓(ya)蓋(gai)、螺(luo)栓和彈(dan)簧等,用(yong)(yong)以使填(tian)(tian)料(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)(liao)預(yu)緊,工(gong)作時阻止介(jie)質(zhi)外漏(lou),彈(dan)簧可起補(bu)償作用(yong)(yong)。
填(tian)(tian)料(liao)裝入填(tian)(tian)料(liao)腔以后(hou),經(jing)壓(ya)蓋螺絲對(dui)它作軸向壓(ya)縮,當軸與填(tian)(tian)料(liao)有相對(dui)運動時,由(you)于填(tian)(tian)料(liao)的(de)(de)塑性,使(shi)它產生徑向力,并與軸緊(jin)(jin)密接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)。與此同時,填(tian)(tian)料(liao)中浸(jin)漬的(de)(de)潤滑(hua)(hua)劑(ji)被(bei)擠出,在接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)面(mian)之(zhi)間形(xing)成(cheng)油(you)膜。由(you)于接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)狀態并不是特別均勻(yun)的(de)(de),接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)部位便(bian)出現“邊界潤滑(hua)(hua)”狀態,稱(cheng)為“軸承效(xiao)應(ying)”;而未接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)的(de)(de)凹部形(xing)成(cheng)小油(you)槽,有較(jiao)厚(hou)的(de)(de)油(you)膜,接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)部位與非接(jie)觸(chu)(chu)(chu)(chu)部位組成(cheng)一道不規則的(de)(de)迷宮(gong),起阻止液流泄漏的(de)(de)作用(yong),此稱(cheng)“迷宮(gong)效(xiao)應(ying)”。這(zhe)就(jiu)是填(tian)(tian)料(liao)密封的(de)(de)機理。顯(xian)然,良(liang)(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)密封在于維持“軸承效(xiao)應(ying)”和(he)(he)“迷宮(gong)效(xiao)應(ying)”。也就(jiu)是說,要(yao)保(bao)持良(liang)(liang)好(hao)的(de)(de)潤滑(hua)(hua)和(he)(he)適(shi)當的(de)(de)壓(ya)緊(jin)(jin)。若(ruo)潤滑(hua)(hua)不良(liang)(liang),或壓(ya)得過(guo)緊(jin)(jin)都(dou)會使(shi)油(you)膜中斷(duan),造成(cheng)填(tian)(tian)料(liao)與軸之(zhi)間出現干摩擦,最后(hou)導致燒(shao)軸和(he)(he)出現嚴重磨損。
為此(ci),需要經常對填料的(de)(de)壓緊程度進行(xing)調整,以便填料中的(de)(de)潤滑(hua)劑(ji)在運行(xing)一段時(shi)間(jian)流失(shi)之后,再擠(ji)出一些(xie)潤滑(hua)劑(ji),同時(shi)補償填料因體積變化所(suo)造成(cheng)的(de)(de)壓緊力松(song)弛(chi)。顯然,這(zhe)樣經常擠(ji)壓填料,最(zui)終(zhong)將使浸漬(zi)劑(ji)枯竭,所(suo)以定(ding)期更換填料是必要的(de)(de)。此(ci)外,為了(le)維持液(ye)膜和帶走摩擦熱,有意讓(rang)填料處有少量泄漏也是必要的(de)(de)。